Identifying the presence of a code-switch: Evaluating the role of acoustic cues.

识别代码转换的存在：评估声音提示的作用。

• 批准号: 10751509
• 负责人: Erika Exton
• 金额: $ 3.89万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10751509
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Age; Books; Caregivers; Categories; Child; Code; Color; Communities; Comprehension; Confusion; Cues; Detection; Development; Discrimination; English Language; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Frequencies; Grain; Hearing; Home; Household; Infant; International; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Length; Linguistics; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Multilingualism; Mus; Narration; Parents; Periodicity; Phonetics; Population; Process; Production; Property; RNA Splicing; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Semantics; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; Suggestion; System; Testing; Time; Training; Trust; United States; Voice; bilingualism; experience; improved; member; phonology; sound; success; theories

Project Summary Many infants growing up in bilingual homes are regularly exposed to code-switching from their caregivers and other members of their community. Even parents who aim to use the “one -parent-one- language” method of bilingual language exposure tend to switch languages occasionally, producing sentences such as “Do you see the gato?”. In order to develop representations of each of their languages, which we know they do, infants must figure out not only that there are two languages in their environment, but at what point in a given sentence one language ends and the other one begins. Making this even harder, speakers often “blur” the distinction between languages by producing sounds in one language that are colored by the other (known as phonetic convergence). We kn ow that this convergence may help adult bilingual speakers to anticipate an upcoming code -switch. However, it is not clear whether it is present in speech to infant or if listeners who do not know the languages are sensitive to this cue. Aim 1 will test the extent to which Spanish-English bilingual parents produce cross- linguistic phonetic convergence when speaking to their infants and to a fellow adult. I will ask them to record narrations of wordless picture books in English, Spanish, and while switching between the two languages (Exp. 1) and will measure how acoustic-phonetic properties of their speech are modulated by the speech register and the presence and proximity of code-switching. Aim 2 focuses on the ability of listeners at several levels of language experience to detect code-switches when listening to unfamiliar languages. English monolingual (Exp. 2a) and Spanish-English bilingual (Exp. 2b) adults, and monolingual 5-to 14-month-old infants (Exp. 3) will listen to passages that switch between Mandarin and French and will identify the language they are hearing. I will test whether the presence of anticipatory phonetic convergence in voice-onset time and tone influences the speed at which listeners detect a language switch between these two rhythmically dissimilar languages. By assessing how these anticipatory phonetic cues influence the detection of code-switching in unfamiliar languages, we will be able to determine whether their importance to code-switching comprehension for fluent bilinguals is due to language-specific knowledge or is a result of general speech perceptual mechanisms. This project will also help us to better understand how infants exposed to code-switching are able to acquire two languages simultaneously. Having more evidence of the process infants undergo in order to solve this acquisition problem may help to provide more credibility to the suggestions we give to parents who wish to raise their children bilingually, as current advice reassures parents that their children can easily acquire multiple languages but does not detail how they can do that under different conditions.

项目摘要 许多在双语房屋中长大的婴儿经常暴露于他们的代码转换中 照顾者及其社区的其他成员。即使是旨在使用“一个 - 一位 - 一对一的父母） 语言”双语语言曝光方法倾向于偶尔切换语言，产生 句子，例如“您看到Gato吗？”。为了建立每个人的表示 我们知道他们这样做的语言，婴儿不仅必须弄清楚他们的语言 环境，但是在给定句子的什么时候，一种语言结束了，另一种语言开始。制作 更难的是，扬声器经常通过在一个人中产生声音来“模糊”语言之间的区别 语言由另一种（称为语音收敛）彩色。我们认为这是 融合可以帮助成人双语扬声器预期即将到来的代码 - 开关。但是，是 尚不清楚它是否存在于对婴儿的讲话中，还是不知道语言的听众 对此提示敏感。 AIM 1将测试西班牙语英语双语父母产生交叉的程度 - 与婴儿和成年人交谈时，语言语音融合。我会请他们 录制英语，西班牙语和在两者之间切换时的无语图画书的录制叙述 语言（exp。1），并将衡量其语音的声学特性如何调制 通过语音登记册以及代码转换的存在和接近性。 AIM 2专注于能力 听众在多种语言经验中的听众，以检测不熟悉的代码转换 语言。英语单语言（exp。2a）和西班牙语 - 英语双语（exp。2b）成人，以及 单语5到14个月大的婴儿（3）将听取普通话之间切换的通道 和法语，并将确定他们正在听的语言。我将测试是否存在 声音发言时间和语气中的预期语音收敛会影响听众的速度 检测这两种逻辑上不同语言之间的语言切换。通过评估这些 预期的语音提示会影响不熟悉语言的代码转换的检测，我们将 可以确定它们是否对流利双语者的代码开关理解的重要性应 对于特定于语言的知识，或者是一般语音感知机制的结果。这个项目 还将帮助我们更好地了解暴露于代码转换的婴儿如何能够获得两个 语言简单。有更多证据表明婴儿经历了该过程以解决这一问题 获取问题可能有助于为我们向希望的父母提出的建议提供更多的信誉 为了养育孩子的抚养，因为目前的建议向父母保证，他们的孩子可以轻松 获取多种语言，但没有详细说明他们在不同条件下如何做到这一点。