Perspectives of Correctional Officers about Older Adults in Prison: A Grounded Theory Study

项目概要/摘要 本申请的目的是为申请人的长期目标提供研究和培训 将监禁作为健康的一个社会决定因素加以处理，并改进司法护理模式 为被监禁的老年人提供环境，并为研究事业奠定基础。的人口 1 -4 55岁及55岁以上的被监禁成年人的人数正在迅速增加。 到2030年，老年人预计将占世界人口的三分之二， 5监禁与无数的身心健康风险有关（例如， 艾滋病毒、糖尿病、高血压、抑郁症、慢性压力1，6-10）。 加速老化，16-18岁，这导致人们普遍接受50岁时被监禁的成年人为老年人， 2监禁也被认为是一项《可持续发展和健康法》19、20， 国家护理研究所（NINR）在2020-2026年战略计划中的优先研究镜头。 矫正健康作为一种护理模式，具有独特的特点， 与年龄有关的变化，特别是与功能或行为有关的变化， 9，22 -27惩教人员是监狱日常运作中不可或缺的一部分， 接触被监禁的人。除了维护监狱的安全，狱警还负责 监禁的人和惩教护士，往往发挥重要作用，提醒惩教护士， 一个人的状况发生变化，包括功能和行为变化。28 -33拟议的研究将 使用扎根理论，一种理论生成方法34 -37，探索CO如何感知和应对年龄 相关变化，包括何时，如何以及有什么后果 与矫正护士合作。目前，没有概念模型描述被监禁的老年人的护理， 成年人或CO在其护理中发挥的作用。扎根理论非常适合探索这个未充分研究的主题 因为概念模型可以用来为政策、实践、未来的研究干预提供信息， 34、36培训补助金将用于支持课程工作， 指导学习，指导和资源，以实现短期目标，探索如何CO的看法， 应对被监禁的老年人中与年龄有关的变化，包括何时、如何以及产生何种后果 狱警与惩教护士合作。在内容和方法专家的支持下，申请人的 拟议的培训计划包括有针对性的培训目标，以扩大扎根理论应用的技能， 监禁作为一个SDOH的知识，老龄化和被监禁的老年人的护理，合作 司法机构和学术界之间的联系，以及联网、赠款发放和传播。通知 NINR战略计划，拟议的培训和研究方法，监禁作为一个SDOH， 该机制旨在改善司法环境中的护理模式和对被监禁老年人的护理。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The purpose of this application is to provide research and training for the applicant’s long-term goals of addressing incarceration as a social determinant of health (SDOH), and improve the model of care in justice settings for incarcerated older adults and lay the foundations for a career in research. The population of incarcerated older adults is rapidly growing.1–4 The number of incarcerated adults aged 55 and older increased by 400% between 1993 and 2013.3 By 2030 older adults are anticipated to constitute two thirds of the incarcerated population.5 Incarceration is associated with a myriad of physical and mental health risks (e.g. HIV, diabetes, hypertension, depression, chronic stress1,6–10).1,7,11–15 Incarceration is also associated with accelerated aging,16–18 which leads to generally accepting incarcerated adults as geriatric at 50, compared to 65 in the community.2 Incarceration has also been recognized as an SDOH19,20, which is aligned with The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) priority research lenses in the 2020-2026 Strategic Plan.21 Correctional health, as a model of care, has unique features which challenge appropriately responding to age related changes in incarcerated older adults, specifically related to functional or behavioral changes.9,22–27 Correctional officers (COs) are integral in the daily operations of prisons and have the most contact with incarcerated people. Beyond maintaining the security of prisons, COs are also liaisons between incarcerated people and correctional nurses, often playing a major role in alerting correctional nurses to changes in a person’s condition, including functional and behavioral changes.28–33 The proposed study would use Grounded Theory, a theory-generating methodology34–37, to explore how COs perceive and respond to age related changes in incarcerated older adults, including when, how and with what consequences COs collaborate with correctional nurses. Currently, no conceptual model describes the care of incarcerated older adults or the role that COs play in their care. Grounded Theory is well-suited to explore this under-studied topic area because conceptual models can be used to inform policy, practice, future research interventions to improve outcomes for this growing vulnerable population.34,36 The training grant will support coursework, directed study, mentorship, and resources to accomplish the short-term goal exploring how COs perceive and respond to age related changes in incarcerated older adults, including when, how and with what consequences COs collaborate with correctional nurses. Supported by content and methodological experts, the applicant’s proposed training plan includes targeted training goals to expand skills in Grounded Theory application, and knowledge of incarceration as an SDOH, aging and the care of incarcerated older adults, collaboration between justice settings and academia, and networking, grant-writing, and dissemination. Informed by the NINR Strategic Plan, the proposed training and research approaches incarceration as an SDOH, as a mechanism to improve the model of care in justice settings and the care of incarcerated older adults.