Reward motivations associated with bullying trajectories

与欺凌轨迹相关的奖励动机

• 批准号: 10905171
• 负责人: Michael T Perino
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10905171
• 关键词: Reward; motivations; associated; bullying; trajectories

Bullying is the most common form of youth abuse world-wide and is linked to profound, lasting, deleterious effects to psychological, social, academic and health functioning. The cascading effects of bullying costs the US billions of dollars annually, and current interventions produce only modest improvements. A recent bullying intervention targeting altered reward processes, specifically a preference for relative rewards (e.g. those earned at the expense of others) shows promise. However, how trajectories of bullying relate to altered reward processing, and how perpetrators process relative rewards in comparison to absolute rewards (e.g. money or points earned) is currently unknown. Explicating the biobehavioral reward mechanisms contributing to bully perpetration may allow for the design and implementation of more biologically-informed, empirically-supported interventions that can provide greater reductions in bullying. The goal of this R00 Pathway to Independence Award is to explore how bullying relates to altered reward processes, with a specific focus on how bully perpetration relates to preferences for absolute versus relative rewards. A primary focus of the R00 award will be focused on conducting bullying research translatable to intervention programming, by working with students, local schools, and community partners involved in youth violence and maltreatment services. During the K99, I received mentorship in hierarchical modelling youth behaviors, designing fMRI tasks for youth that assay specific mechanisms, and leveraging findings from research into feasible interventions with broad crosslevel (youth, parent, school, agency) buy-in. The K99 clarified the role of specific risk factors for bully perpetration, how bully perpetration related to absolute reward responses, and included the successful piloting of both a behavioral and neuroimaging task which differentiated the preference and processing of absolute versus relative rewards. The training and results from the K99 now allow for the successful completion of the R00 proposal, which tests how bullying behaviors during childhood and adolescence relate to the preference for relative vs. absolute rewards in a larger, well-phenotyped sample. I will test whether bullying predicts increased behavioral preference and neural response to relative vs. absolute rewards, while assessing for specificity. Results will clarify reward processing alterations related to bullying, examine the specificity of these associations compared to other phenotypes, and examine relative reward preference as an explanatory factor of bullying in relation to other theoretical risk factors. The data collected during the R00 proposal will clarify reward mechanisms underlying bully perpetration and set the stage for a future R01 focused on the neurodevelopment of relative reward preferences, the stability of different reward preferences, and their malleability to intervention. This proposal addresses important concerns about bullying, a mission core to the NICHD mission, and provides foundational data needed to continue advancing the applicant’s academic career and apply for future grants.

欺凌是世界范围内最常见的青少年虐待形式，对心理、社会、学术和健康功能产生深刻、持久和有害的影响。欺凌的级联效应每年使美国损失数十亿美元，而目前的干预措施只能带来有限的改善。最近的一项针对改变奖励过程的欺凌干预措施，特别是对相对奖励（例如以牺牲他人为代价获得的奖励）的偏好，显示了希望。然而，欺凌的轨迹如何与改变的奖励处理有关，以及肇事者如何处理相对奖励与绝对奖励（例如金钱或积分）相比，目前尚不清楚。阐明生物行为奖励机制有助于欺负犯下可能允许设计和实施更多的生物信息，药物支持的干预措施，可以提供更大的减少欺凌。这个R00独立之路奖的目标是探索欺凌如何与改变奖励过程相关，特别关注欺凌行为如何与绝对相对奖励的偏好相关。R00奖的主要重点将是通过与学生，当地学校和参与青少年暴力和虐待服务的社区合作伙伴合作，进行可转化为干预方案的欺凌研究。在K99期间，我接受了分层建模青年行为的指导，为青年设计功能磁共振成像任务，分析特定的机制，并利用研究结果进行可行的干预措施，广泛的跨层次（青年，家长，学校，机构）买入。K99阐明了特定风险因素对欺凌犯行的作用，欺凌犯行如何与绝对奖励反应相关，并包括成功试点的行为和神经成像任务，区分绝对与相对奖励的偏好和处理。K99的训练和结果现在允许R00提案的成功完成，该提案测试了儿童和青少年时期的欺凌行为如何与更大，表型良好的样本中相对与绝对奖励的偏好相关。我将测试欺凌是否预测相对与绝对奖励的行为偏好和神经反应增加，同时评估特异性。结果将澄清奖励处理的改变与欺凌，检查这些协会相比，其他表型的特异性，并检查相对奖励偏好作为一个解释因素的欺凌与其他理论风险因素。在R00提案期间收集的数据将澄清欺凌行为背后的奖励机制，并为未来的R01奠定基础，重点关注相对奖励偏好的神经发育，不同奖励偏好的稳定性及其对干预的可塑性。该提案解决了有关欺凌的重要问题，这是NICHD使命的核心使命，并提供了继续推进申请人的学术生涯和申请未来赠款所需的基础数据。