Elucidating the Biological Differences Between Distinct Fibrillar and Non-Fibrillar Alpha-Synuclein Inclusions in Human Stem-Cell Models
Elucidating the Biological Differences Between Distinct Fibrillar and Non-Fibrillar Alpha-Synuclein Inclusions in Human Stem-Cell Models
批准号:
10622480
负责人:
Vikram Khurana
金额:
$78.99万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2020-07-01 至 2025-04-30
关键词:
AffectAffinityAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAlzheimer&aposs disease related dementiaAmyloidAmyloid beta-ProteinAmyloid fibersAutopsyBiochemicalBiologicalBrainCell LineCell modelCellsCeramidesCharacteristicsCircular Dichroism SpectroscopyDataDementia with Lewy BodiesDevelopmentDiffuseDiseaseDisparateElectron MicroscopyEquationFluorescenceFutureGenetic studyGlucosylceramidesGoalsGrantHeterozygoteHomeostasisHumanHuman GeneticsImageImmunofluorescence MicroscopyImpaired cognitionIn VitroInduced pluripotent stem cell derived neuronsInterventionKnock-inKnock-outLeadLesionLewy BodiesLewy body pathologyLipidsMembraneMembrane LipidsMembrane ProteinsModelingMorphologyMultiple System AtrophyMutationNerve DegenerationNeurogliaNeuronsNuclear Magnetic ResonanceOligodendrogliaParkinson&aposs DementiaPathogenicityPathologyPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPeriodicityPhosphorylationPhysiologicalProteinsProteolysisReporterSaturated Fatty AcidsSeriesSideSphingolipidsStearoyl-CoA DesaturaseSynaptic VesiclesSystemTestingToxic effectTransgenic MiceTransgenic OrganismsVesicleWorkalpha synucleinamyloid fibril formationamyloid formationbrain cellbrain tissuecell typecerebral atrophyconformerdopaminergic neuronexperimental studygenetic manipulationglucosylceramidasehuman stem cellsin vitro Assayin vivoinduced pluripotent stem cellinterestkindredmimeticsmisfolded proteinmouse modelpharmacologicpre-formed fibrilprotein aggregationserial imagingstem cell modelsynucleinopathytau Proteinstau-1traffickingvalidation studies
中文摘要
摘要:
阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关的痴呆症(ADRD)是无法预防的,也是无法治愈的,而且病情仍然很差。
明白了。他们的病理特征是由两个错误折叠的蛋白质组成,这些蛋白质在两个亚群中具有特征性的包涵体。
神经细胞和神经胶质细胞是大脑的核心。α-突触核蛋白(αS)的膜相关蛋白的错误折叠是关键。
根据ADRD的说法,αS的大脑皮质神经元和多巴胺能神经元中含有丰富的内含物,这是痴呆症的主要标志。
刘易斯和帕金森氏症患者分别患有痴呆症。但αS的包含体也在50%的患者中被发现。
在AD患者中,常与认知功能减退相关,并频繁地与α的病理改变共局灶化。
令人惊讶的是,它是异质性的,人们对它的理解很差。常见的αS的病理组织由富含水泡的小泡组成,并有“苍白的小体”。
(PBS),富含淀粉样蛋白的路易体(LBS),或它们的组合。事实上,PBS还没有被讨论过。
LBS的先驱是什么,但它给PBS带来了什么,以及它们可能如何将它们转换为BLB,仍然是个谜。
超微结构研究的特点是PBS和LBS对淀粉样蛋白和囊泡的研究领域都有巨大的兴趣。
贩卖和病理在帕金森氏病中存在。在一个实验性的实验环境中,大量神经元的种子细胞与预先形成的神经原纤维一起导致了狼疮
就像淀粉样蛋白一样的聚集体。这些聚集体可以在一定的条件下扩散,并在邻近的组织中形成自我模板。
细胞。不同的淀粉样蛋白和纤维异构体(“菌株”)会导致不同的神经变性模式,甚至不同的模式。
αS的磷酸化水平和Ttau的水平。人类基因组学研究一再发现,这与小囊泡的扰动有关。
贩运和运输(膜)和血脂和动态平衡被视为一项重要的基本原则,并在多种不同形式的ADRD中具有统一的特点。
我们假设,改变了细胞、血液和脂肪,特别是脂质,微环境可以直接触发αS淀粉样蛋白的形成。
并研究了不同毒株的新的发展趋势和新的病理。我们有越来越多的证据,包括来自的工作报告。
事实上,我们的研究小组建议,αS的毒性和聚集能力可以通过改变细胞和脂肪酸的水平来调节。
(FA)通过对葡萄糖脑苷脂(GBA)和硬脂酰的操纵来调节其饱和状态或鞘磷脂(SL)的组成。
CoA和去饱和酶(SCD),我们将提出一种方法,以进一步剖析这三种途径对LPB和LB.的影响。
形成过程和转化过程是与疾病相关的、患者来源的、诱导的多潜能干细胞移植(IPSC)中最常见的。
模型。更重要的是,我们将不会聘请一名患者作为脑源性疾病的种子,作为αS最相关的风险触发因素。
聚合。如果使用针对患者的特定细胞类型和错误折叠的蛋白质构象,将不会使我们能够捕获。
在这道菜中,我们不仅认识到了神经退行性变的重要性,也认识到了这一问题的重要性。
在描述疾病的机制方面存在局限性,尸检和终末期病理检查的局限性,并建议建立新的机制。
体外试验、人类免疫诱导的多能干细胞移植(IPSC)模型和死后移植之间的交叉相关性。
脑组织。我们将把重点放在从许多患有家族性疾病的患者和散发性突触核病患者那里获得的iPSCs。
与尸检结果相匹配的大脑,包括8例伴随AD样蛋白(β-淀粉样蛋白和Atau)水平下降的病理病例。
这些方法不仅有望阐明ADRD中淀粉样蛋白基因株的形成过程和后果,而且还能提供更多的信息。
他还将指出潜在的医疗干预措施,这些干预措施主要集中在αS与脂质膜之间的暂时性药物相互作用。
英文摘要
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD related dementias (ADRD) are unpreventable, incurable and remain poorly
understood. Their hallmark pathology consists of misfolded proteins in characteristic “inclusions” within subsets
of neurons and glial cells of the brain. Misfolding of the membrane-associated protein α-synuclein (αS) is central
to ADRD. Inclusions rich in αS in cortical and dopaminergic (DA) neurons are the hallmark lesions of dementia
with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD). But αS inclusions are also found in >50%
of AD cases, correlating with cognitive decline and frequently colocalizing with tau pathology. αS pathology is
strikingly heterogeneous and poorly understood. Common αS pathology comprises vesicle-rich “pale bodies”
(PBs), amyloid-rich Lewy bodies (LBs), or combinations of these. PBs have indeed been discussed as
precursors of LBs, but what gives rise to PBs and how they may convert into LBs remains enigmatic. The
ultrastructural features of PBs and LBs parallel enormous interest in the field in both amyloid and vesicle-
trafficking pathologies in PD. In experimental settings, the seeding of neurons with pre-formed fibrils leads to LB-
like amyloid aggregates. These aggregates can under certain conditions spread and self-template in adjacent
cells. Different amyloid fiber conformers (“strains”) lead to different patterns of neurodegeneration, with differing
levels of phosphorylated αS and tau. Human genetic studies have repeatedly implicated perturbed vesicle
trafficking and (membrane) lipid homeostasis as a fundamental and unifying feature in disparate forms of ADRD.
We hypothesize that altered cellular, and especially lipid, microenvironments can trigger αS amyloid formation
and the development of different strains and pathologies. An increasing body of evidence, including work from
our groups, indeed suggests that αS toxicity and aggregation can be modulated by altering cellular fatty acid
(FA) saturation or sphingolipid (SL) composition through manipulation of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and stearoyl-
coA desaturase (SCD), respectively. We propose to dissect the influence of these pathways on PB and LB
formation and transition in the most disease-relevant patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)
models. Importantly, we will employ patient brain-derived “seed” as the most relevant trigger for neuronal αS
aggregation. The use of both patient-specific cell types and misfolded protein conformers will allow us to capture
“in the dish” both sides of the toxic equation in neurodegeneration. We recognize the importance, but also the
limitations, of postmortem end-stage pathology in delineating disease mechanisms, and propose to establish
cross-correlation between in vitro assays, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models and postmortem
brain tissue. We will focus on iPSCs derived from patients with familial and sporadic synucleinopathies that are
matched to postmortem brain, including cases with concomitant levels of AD (β-amyloid and tau) pathology. Our
approaches not only promise to shed light on the formation and consequences of amyloid strains in ADRD, but
will also point at potential interventions centered around the transient interaction of αS with lipid membranes.
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