Low-income mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and toddlers' self-regulation

低收入父母的养育方式和幼儿的自我调节

• 批准号: 10742570
• 负责人: Natasha J Cabrera
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-07 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742570
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Address; Adult; Age; Assertiveness; Behavior; Books; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Data; Data Set; Demographic Factors; Development; Disadvantaged; Discipline; Educational Status; Emotions; Exclusion; Exhibits; Family; Fathers; Funding; Gender; Goals; Happiness; Heterogeneity; Home; Household; Human; ICAM1 gene; Individual Differences; Infant; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Low income; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Paternal Behavior; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Punishment; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Social Development; Social Functioning; Source; Standardization; Stereotyping; Stress; Structure; Temperament; Testing; Thinking; Time; Toddler; Underrepresented Populations; adolescent health; dyadic interaction; early childhood; early experience; economic disparity; ethnic diversity; ethnic minority; father child interaction; improved; infancy; insight; intervention program; intervention refinement; minority children; peer; physical conditioning; protective factors; psychologic; skills; supportive environment; teacher; treatment effect

Project Summary (30 lines max) Across early childhood, children show great improvements in their self-regulation (SR: e.g., persisting on a task), which enables them to regulate their thoughts, behaviors, and emotionsm (McClelland et al., 2010). SR skills are critical for later academic achievement, mental and physical health (Robson et al., 2020). Researchers have observed individual differences as early as 4 (Kochanska & Knaack, 2003). As a group, children from low-income backgrounds are at greater risk for exhibiting poor SR (Wanless et al., 2011). Yet, many of these children perform as well as their wealthier peers on tests of SR (Raikes et al., 2007). One source of this variability is caregivers’ parenting behaviors, including the quality of parenting (sensitivity, intrusiveness and dyadic interaction) and parenting practices (compliance), predict SR (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). Highly sensitive parents who use gentle control (e.g., reasoning) and help their children regulate their emotions have stronger SR skills than parents who are intrusive, use more power- assertive compliance (e.g., threatening punishment), and do not help their children regulate their emotions (Kopystynska et al., 2016). However, with few exceptions, these studies have been primarily based on White middle-class mothers. Less is known about the parenting behaviors of low-income ethnic minority parents, particularly fathers, and how they are longitudinally related to SR. To address these gaps, this proposal examines the heterogeneity in low-income ethnic minority mothers’ and fathers’ levels and changes in parenting behaviors (quality of parenting and parenting practices) from 9 thru 30 months; (2) demographic and psychological predictors as well as treatment effects of changes in parenting behaviors; and (3) the associations between mothers’ and fathers’ change in parenting behaviors from 9 thru 30 months and toddlers’ SR at 24 and 30 months, controlling for demographic factors. The analytic sample consists low-income ethnic minority parents (N = 281) participating in the Baby Books 2 Project, a NICHD-funded RCT of a parenting intervention for first-time parents with infants. The levels and change in the quality of parent interactions and parenting practices will be assessed during a semi-structured task when children are 9 and 18 months. Toddlers’ SR performance and strategies during a snack-delay task will be assessed at 24 and 30 months. This research will inform normative patterns of development in underrepresented groups and mechanisms that intervention programs can target to support low-income ethnic minority children’s SR, which can help to narrow achievement-related gaps at school entry.

项目摘要（最多30行） 在整个幼儿期，儿童在自我调节方面表现出很大的改善（SR：例如， 坚持一项任务），这使他们能够调节自己的思想，行为和情绪 （McClelland等人，2010年）。SR技能对以后的学术成就，心理和 身体健康（Robson等人，2020年）。研究人员很早就观察到了个体差异 as 4（Kochanska & Knaack，2003）.作为一个群体，来自低收入背景的儿童 表现出差SR的风险更大（Wanless等人，2011年）。然而，这些孩子中的许多人表现得 以及他们更富有的同龄人在SR测试中的表现（Raikes等人，2007年）。这种可变性的一个来源是 照顾者的养育行为，包括养育质量（敏感性，侵入性和 二元互动）和父母教养实践（依从性），预测SR（Bronfenbrenner & Morris， 2006年）。使用温和控制的高度敏感的父母（例如，推理），并帮助他们的孩子 调节他们的情绪比那些干涉的父母有更强的SR技能，使用更多的权力， 自信的顺从（例如，威胁惩罚），并不帮助他们的孩子规范 他们的情绪（Kopystynska等人，2016年）。然而，除了少数例外，这些研究 主要以白色中产阶级母亲为基础。对父母的了解更少 低收入少数民族父母的行为，特别是父亲，以及他们如何 为了解决这些差距，本提案审查了 低收入少数民族母亲和父亲的养育行为水平及其变化 （育儿质量和育儿实践）从9到30个月;（2）人口统计学和 父母教养行为改变的心理预测因子及治疗效果;（3） 9 - 30岁父母养育行为变化的相关性 在24个月和30个月时，控制人口统计学因素。的解析 样本包括参与婴儿书2的低收入少数民族父母（N = 281） 项目，一个由NICHD资助的针对首次养育婴儿的父母的育儿干预RCT。 父母互动和育儿实践的质量水平和变化将是 在9个月和18个月大的孩子的半结构化任务中进行评估。幼儿SR 将在24和30个月时评估零食延迟任务期间的表现和策略。这 研究将为代表性不足群体的规范发展模式提供信息， 干预计划可以针对支持低收入少数民族的机制 这有助于缩小入学时与学业有关的差距。