Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
利用细菌效应器揭示蝙蝠细胞中限制病毒复制的先天免疫机制
基本信息
- 批准号:10592024
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 24.6万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-08-11 至 2025-07-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAffectArbovirus InfectionsArbovirusesAttentionBacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacteriophagesBiological AssayBiological ModelsCRISPR/Cas technologyCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChiropteraCytoplasmDataEukaryotic CellExpression LibraryFamilyFilovirusGenesGleanGoalsGrantHumanImmuneImmune EvasionImmune responseImmune systemImmunityImmunologic FactorsImmunologicsImmunologyImmunosuppressionInfectionInnate Immune ResponseInsectaIntegration Host FactorsLibrariesMethodologyMethodsNatural ImmunityPathogenesisPathway interactionsPopulationPredispositionProtein SecretionProteinsProteomicsPublic HealthRNA InterferenceRNA interference screenResearchRhabdoviridaeRing Finger DomainShigella flexneriSystemTechniquesTestingTherapeuticTogaviridaeVaccinesViral reservoirVirulence FactorsVirusVirus DiseasesVirus ReplicationWorkYeastscell typecomparative genomicsgenome editinggenome-wideinnate immune mechanismsinnovationinsightnovelpathogenpathogenic bacteriapathogenic virusprotein degradationprotein functionrespiratory virusscreeningtooltranscriptomic profilingtransmission processubiquitin ligaseyeast two hybrid system
项目摘要
Project Summary
Bats are important reservoirs for diverse viral pathogens affecting humans. However, we have a poor
understanding of the key bat innate immunity factors that restrict virus replication. Functional assays that can
identify bat factors that are truly relevant to combating viruses are needed to understand the innate immune
mechanisms that ultimately define bat susceptibility to viral infection. While historically such functional screens
have relied on genome-wide genomic editing (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9)- or RNA interference (RNAi)-based
techniques, such platforms are unavailable for most bat species. Thus, new methods for uncovering functionally-
relevant components of the bat immune response to virus infection are needed. To address this need, we have
developed an innovative arbovirus "rescue" assay wherein immune evasion proteins (IEPs) encoded by
mammalian pathogens can be expressed in bat cells and one can assay for changes in bat cell susceptibility to
arbovirus infection. Enhancement of arbovirus replication after expression of a candidate IEP indicates that the
IEP likely inhibits bat immunity mechanisms that normally restrict arbovirus replication. Using these IEPs as
"tools", one can then identify the bat immunity factors these IEPs target. Thus, this screening methodology
provides a mechanism to both identify novel IEPs and functionally-relevant components of the bat immune
response. To discover IEPs that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells, we will screen an expression library
encoding ~200 bacterial effector proteins. Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into
eukaryotic hosts cells that modulate or inhibit various eukaryotic cellular processes to promote bacterial
replication. Many bacterial pathogens that replicate in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells encode effectors
that function as IEPs. Thus, we hypothesize that some effectors may suppress immune responses that restrict
both bacteria and cytoplasmic viruses such as arboviruses. Indeed, our initial screens have identified four
effectors that promote the replication of four different arboviruses when expressed in bat cells. We have
characterized one of these effector screen "hits" as a novel ubiquitin ligase that targets an uncharacterized Ring
Finger (RNF) Domain-containing protein for degradation in eukaryotic cells. Importantly, RNAi depletion of this
RNF factor in human and bat cells promotes arbovirus replication, suggesting that it may be a novel component
of human and bat immune responses. These results suggest that we can use bacterial effectors as tools to both
inhibit, and identify, functionally-relevant immunity factors in bats. Our study has the following specific aims: 1)
Identify bacterial effector proteins that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells;; 2) Identify bat proteins
interacting with effector “hits” from our arbovirus rescue assays;; and 3) Determine which bat host factors
interacting with effector protein hits affect viral replication. Our long-term goal is to use this model system to
define the key bat innate immune mechanisms that restrict arbovirus replication.
项目摘要
蝙蝠是影响人类的多种病毒病原体的重要宿主。然而,
了解限制病毒复制的关键蝙蝠先天免疫因素。
要了解先天性免疫,需要确定与对抗病毒真正相关的蝙蝠因素,
最终确定蝙蝠对病毒感染易感性的机制。虽然历史上这种功能性筛选
依赖于全基因组的基因组编辑(例如CRISPR-RNAi Cas9)-siRNA或基于RNAi的RNA干扰(RNAi)
技术,这样的平台是不可用的大多数蝙蝠物种。因此,新的方法来发现功能性-
需要蝙蝠对病毒感染的免疫反应的相关成分。为了满足这一需求,我们
开发了一种创新的虫媒病毒“拯救”测定法,其中免疫逃逸蛋白(IEPs)由
哺乳动物病原体可以在蝙蝠细胞中表达
在候选IEP表达后虫媒病毒复制的增强表明,
IEP可能抑制蝙蝠的免疫机制,通常限制虫媒病毒的复制。
“工具”,然后可以识别这些IEPs靶向的蝙蝠免疫因子。因此,这种筛选方法
提供了一种机制,以确定新的IEPs和蝙蝠免疫功能相关的成分,
为了发现促进虫媒病毒在蝙蝠细胞中复制的IEPs,我们将筛选表达文库,
编码约200种细菌效应蛋白。细菌效应蛋白是由病原菌分泌到大肠杆菌中的蛋白质。
调节或抑制各种真核细胞过程以促进细菌生长的真核宿主细胞
复制。许多在真核宿主细胞的细胞质中复制的细菌病原体编码效应子
因此,我们假设一些效应物可能抑制免疫反应,
细菌和细胞质病毒,如虫媒病毒。事实上,我们的初步筛选已经确定了四个
当在蝙蝠细胞中表达时,促进四种不同虫媒病毒复制的效应子。
将这些效应筛选“命中”之一表征为靶向未表征的环的新型泛素连接酶,
在真核细胞中,RNA干扰去除了含有指状结构域(RNF)的蛋白质。
人和蝙蝠细胞中的RNF因子促进虫媒病毒复制,这表明它可能是一种新的成分
这些结果表明,我们可以使用细菌效应器作为工具,
抑制并识别蝙蝠中功能相关的免疫因子。我们的研究有以下具体目标:1)
鉴定在蝙蝠细胞中促进虫媒病毒复制的细菌效应蛋白;
与来自我们的虫媒病毒拯救测定的效应子“命中”相互作用; 3)确定哪些蝙蝠宿主因子
与效应蛋白的相互作用影响病毒的复制。我们的长期目标是利用这个模型系统,
定义限制虫媒病毒复制的关键蝙蝠先天免疫机制。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Don Brad Gammon其他文献
Don Brad Gammon的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Don Brad Gammon', 18)}}的其他基金
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
利用病原体编码的免疫逃避蛋白来揭示进化保守的抗病毒宿主机制
- 批准号:
10027582 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 24.6万 - 项目类别:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
利用病原体编码的免疫逃避蛋白来揭示进化保守的抗病毒宿主机制
- 批准号:
10671083 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 24.6万 - 项目类别:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
利用病原体编码的免疫逃避蛋白来揭示进化保守的抗病毒宿主机制
- 批准号:
10224273 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 24.6万 - 项目类别:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
利用病原体编码的免疫逃避蛋白来揭示进化保守的抗病毒宿主机制
- 批准号:
10455470 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 24.6万 - 项目类别:
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