Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
批准号:
10592024
负责人:
Don Brad Gammon
金额:
$24.6万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2023
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2023-08-11 至 2025-07-31
关键词:
AddressAffectArbovirus InfectionsArbovirusesAttentionBacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacteriophagesBiological AssayBiological ModelsCRISPR/Cas technologyCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChiropteraCytoplasmDataEukaryotic CellExpression LibraryFamilyFilovirusGenesGleanGoalsGrantHumanImmuneImmune EvasionImmune responseImmune systemImmunityImmunologic FactorsImmunologicsImmunologyImmunosuppressionInfectionInnate Immune ResponseInsectaIntegration Host FactorsLibrariesMethodologyMethodsNatural ImmunityPathogenesisPathway interactionsPopulationPredispositionProtein SecretionProteinsProteomicsPublic HealthRNA InterferenceRNA interference screenResearchRhabdoviridaeRing Finger DomainShigella flexneriSystemTechniquesTestingTherapeuticTogaviridaeVaccinesViral reservoirVirulence FactorsVirusVirus DiseasesVirus ReplicationWorkYeastscell typecomparative genomicsgenome editinggenome-wideinnate immune mechanismsinnovationinsightnovelpathogenpathogenic bacteriapathogenic virusprotein degradationprotein functionrespiratory virusscreeningtooltranscriptomic profilingtransmission processubiquitin ligaseyeast two hybrid system
中文摘要
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英文摘要
Project Summary
Bats are important reservoirs for diverse viral pathogens affecting humans. However, we have a poor
understanding of the key bat innate immunity factors that restrict virus replication. Functional assays that can
identify bat factors that are truly relevant to combating viruses are needed to understand the innate immune
mechanisms that ultimately define bat susceptibility to viral infection. While historically such functional screens
have relied on genome-wide genomic editing (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9)- or RNA interference (RNAi)-based
techniques, such platforms are unavailable for most bat species. Thus, new methods for uncovering functionally-
relevant components of the bat immune response to virus infection are needed. To address this need, we have
developed an innovative arbovirus "rescue" assay wherein immune evasion proteins (IEPs) encoded by
mammalian pathogens can be expressed in bat cells and one can assay for changes in bat cell susceptibility to
arbovirus infection. Enhancement of arbovirus replication after expression of a candidate IEP indicates that the
IEP likely inhibits bat immunity mechanisms that normally restrict arbovirus replication. Using these IEPs as
"tools", one can then identify the bat immunity factors these IEPs target. Thus, this screening methodology
provides a mechanism to both identify novel IEPs and functionally-relevant components of the bat immune
response. To discover IEPs that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells, we will screen an expression library
encoding ~200 bacterial effector proteins. Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into
eukaryotic hosts cells that modulate or inhibit various eukaryotic cellular processes to promote bacterial
replication. Many bacterial pathogens that replicate in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells encode effectors
that function as IEPs. Thus, we hypothesize that some effectors may suppress immune responses that restrict
both bacteria and cytoplasmic viruses such as arboviruses. Indeed, our initial screens have identified four
effectors that promote the replication of four different arboviruses when expressed in bat cells. We have
characterized one of these effector screen "hits" as a novel ubiquitin ligase that targets an uncharacterized Ring
Finger (RNF) Domain-containing protein for degradation in eukaryotic cells. Importantly, RNAi depletion of this
RNF factor in human and bat cells promotes arbovirus replication, suggesting that it may be a novel component
of human and bat immune responses. These results suggest that we can use bacterial effectors as tools to both
inhibit, and identify, functionally-relevant immunity factors in bats. Our study has the following specific aims: 1)
Identify bacterial effector proteins that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells;; 2) Identify bat proteins
interacting with effector “hits” from our arbovirus rescue assays;; and 3) Determine which bat host factors
interacting with effector protein hits affect viral replication. Our long-term goal is to use this model system to
define the key bat innate immune mechanisms that restrict arbovirus replication.
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会议论文
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10027582
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$40.86万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10671083
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$41.0万
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财政年份:2020
-
负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10224273
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$40.99万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10455470
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$41.0万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
海外基金