Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
批准号:
10592024
负责人:
Don Brad Gammon
金额:
$24.6万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2023
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
未结题
起止时间:
2023-08-11 至 2025-07-31
关键词:
AddressAffectArbovirus InfectionsArbovirusesAttentionBacteriaBacterial InfectionsBacteriophagesBiological AssayBiological ModelsCRISPR/Cas technologyCell physiologyCellsCellular biologyChiropteraCytoplasmDataEukaryotic CellExpression LibraryFamilyFilovirusGenesGleanGoalsGrantHumanImmuneImmune EvasionImmune responseImmune systemImmunityImmunologic FactorsImmunologicsImmunologyImmunosuppressionInfectionInnate Immune ResponseInsectaIntegration Host FactorsLibrariesMethodologyMethodsNatural ImmunityPathogenesisPathway interactionsPopulationPredispositionProtein SecretionProteinsProteomicsPublic HealthRNA InterferenceRNA interference screenResearchRhabdoviridaeRing Finger DomainShigella flexneriSystemTechniquesTestingTherapeuticTogaviridaeVaccinesViral reservoirVirulence FactorsVirusVirus DiseasesVirus ReplicationWorkYeastscell typecomparative genomicsgenome editinggenome-wideinnate immune mechanismsinnovationinsightnovelpathogenpathogenic bacteriapathogenic virusprotein degradationprotein functionrespiratory virusscreeningtooltranscriptomic profilingtransmission processubiquitin ligaseyeast two hybrid system
中文摘要
项目总结:
蝙蝠是影响人类的各种病毒病原体的重要蓄水池。然而,我们仍然面临着一个贫穷的问题。
了解蝙蝠先天免疫和限制病毒复制的主要因素。有效的检测方法可以检测病毒的复制。
找出与抗击艾滋病病毒真正相关的因素,这些因素是进一步了解人类天生免疫能力所必需的。
这些机制最终将定义蝙蝠对病毒感染的易感性。尽管历史上没有这样的功能筛查。
他们依赖于全基因组DNA编辑技术(例如,CRISPR-Cas9)或基于RNAi的RNA干扰技术。
技术,包括这样的平台,对于大多数蝙蝠物种来说都是不可用的。因此,需要新的技术方法来从功能上揭示它们。
我们迫切需要蝙蝠对病毒和感染病毒的免疫和反应的相关组件。为了更好地满足这一迫切需要,我们必须。
开发了一种新的创新的虫媒病毒“救援”病毒检测方法,其中免疫逃逸蛋白(IEP)由病毒编码。
哺乳动物的病原体不能在蝙蝠体内细胞中表达,也没有一种方法可以检测蝙蝠细胞对细菌易感性的变化。
虫媒病毒感染。虫媒病毒的增强能力和复制能力,在IEP的一个候选基因的表达水平表明这是可能的。
IEP很可能会抑制通常无法限制虫媒病毒复制的免疫机制。现在,这些IEP被用作病毒的免疫保护剂。
“工具”,人们可以从这些免疫球蛋白的目标中找出蝙蝠的免疫力和免疫因素。因此,这是一种新的筛选和方法学。
提供了一种新的机制,既可以识别新的免疫球蛋白,也可以识别蝙蝠免疫球蛋白的功能相关的免疫组件。
回应。为了发现可以促进虫媒病毒在蝙蝠细胞中复制的IEPs,我们将进一步筛选一个新的表达文库。
编码约200个细菌效应蛋白。细菌效应蛋白是由致病细菌分泌到细胞内的蛋白质。
真核生物体内的细胞可以调节或抑制各种真核生物的细胞免疫过程,以促进细菌的生长。
复制。许多细菌和病原体可以在真核生物宿主细胞的胞质中复制基因,从而编码效应器。
这就像免疫球蛋白一样发挥作用。因此,我们可以假设,一些免疫效应器可能无法抑制可能会限制免疫反应的免疫反应。
细菌和细胞质病毒都包括虫媒病毒。事实上,我们最初的细菌筛查已经确定了四种病毒。
效应者表示,当这四种不同的虫媒病毒在蝙蝠细胞中表达时,将促进它们的快速复制。
其中一种新的泛素连接酶被描述为一种新的泛素连接酶,它的靶标是一种未被刻画的环。
指状蛋白(RNF)是一种含有结构域的蛋白质,可以在真核细胞中进行蛋白质降解。更重要的是,RNAi可以减少这种蛋白质的消耗。
核因子在人类细胞和蝙蝠细胞中发挥作用,促进虫媒病毒的复制,这表明它可能是一种全新的病毒成分。
大多数人类和蝙蝠都有免疫应答。这些研究结果表明,我们不能把细菌和蝙蝠的效应器作为治疗这两种疾病的工具。
抑制、控制和识别蝙蝠体内与功能相关的免疫因子。我们的研究小组提出了以下具体目标:(1)。
识别能够促进虫媒病毒在蝙蝠细胞中复制的细菌效应蛋白;;(2)识别蝙蝠病毒的蛋白质。
与我们的虫媒病毒和救援检测中的效应器进行交互;;和将确定哪一只蝙蝠将承载这些因素。
与效应器和蛋白质的相互作用会影响病毒的复制。我们的长期目标是继续使用这一新的模型和系统。
定义蝙蝠与生俱来的免疫系统机制,以限制虫媒病毒的复制。
英文摘要
Project Summary
Bats are important reservoirs for diverse viral pathogens affecting humans. However, we have a poor
understanding of the key bat innate immunity factors that restrict virus replication. Functional assays that can
identify bat factors that are truly relevant to combating viruses are needed to understand the innate immune
mechanisms that ultimately define bat susceptibility to viral infection. While historically such functional screens
have relied on genome-wide genomic editing (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9)- or RNA interference (RNAi)-based
techniques, such platforms are unavailable for most bat species. Thus, new methods for uncovering functionally-
relevant components of the bat immune response to virus infection are needed. To address this need, we have
developed an innovative arbovirus "rescue" assay wherein immune evasion proteins (IEPs) encoded by
mammalian pathogens can be expressed in bat cells and one can assay for changes in bat cell susceptibility to
arbovirus infection. Enhancement of arbovirus replication after expression of a candidate IEP indicates that the
IEP likely inhibits bat immunity mechanisms that normally restrict arbovirus replication. Using these IEPs as
"tools", one can then identify the bat immunity factors these IEPs target. Thus, this screening methodology
provides a mechanism to both identify novel IEPs and functionally-relevant components of the bat immune
response. To discover IEPs that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells, we will screen an expression library
encoding ~200 bacterial effector proteins. Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into
eukaryotic hosts cells that modulate or inhibit various eukaryotic cellular processes to promote bacterial
replication. Many bacterial pathogens that replicate in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells encode effectors
that function as IEPs. Thus, we hypothesize that some effectors may suppress immune responses that restrict
both bacteria and cytoplasmic viruses such as arboviruses. Indeed, our initial screens have identified four
effectors that promote the replication of four different arboviruses when expressed in bat cells. We have
characterized one of these effector screen "hits" as a novel ubiquitin ligase that targets an uncharacterized Ring
Finger (RNF) Domain-containing protein for degradation in eukaryotic cells. Importantly, RNAi depletion of this
RNF factor in human and bat cells promotes arbovirus replication, suggesting that it may be a novel component
of human and bat immune responses. These results suggest that we can use bacterial effectors as tools to both
inhibit, and identify, functionally-relevant immunity factors in bats. Our study has the following specific aims: 1)
Identify bacterial effector proteins that promote arbovirus replication in bat cells;; 2) Identify bat proteins
interacting with effector “hits” from our arbovirus rescue assays;; and 3) Determine which bat host factors
interacting with effector protein hits affect viral replication. Our long-term goal is to use this model system to
define the key bat innate immune mechanisms that restrict arbovirus replication.
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会议论文
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10027582
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$40.86万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10671083
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$41.0万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10455470
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$41.0万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
Exploiting Pathogen-Encoded Immune Evasion Proteins to Uncover Evolutionarily Conserved Antiviral Host Machinery
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批准号:10224273
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$40.99万
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财政年份:2020
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负责人:Don Brad Gammon
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依托单位:
海外基金