Contribution of the trichromatic cone mosaic to human vision

三色锥体马赛克对人类视觉的贡献

• 批准号: 10591560
• 负责人: Ramkumar Sabesan
• 金额: $ 44.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591560
• 关键词: Adult; Appearance; Behavior; Clinical Protocols; Code; Collection; Color; Color Visions; Computer Models; Cone; Conscious; Data; Dedications; Densitometry; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Divorce; Electrophysiology (science); Esthesia; Etiology; Form Perception; Foundations; Future; Gatekeeping; Genetic; Goals; Grain; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Inherited; Judgment; Knowledge; Language; Light; Lighting; Link; Location; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Optics; Outcome; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Physiology; Play; Population; Preparation; Property; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Publishing; Reporting; Rest; Retina; Retinal Cone; Retinal Diseases; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Variant; Vision; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual System; Work; absorption; adaptive optics; antagonist; behavior test; color detection; density; detection sensitivity; expectation; experimental study; falls; ganglion cell; in vivo; luminance; mosaic; neural; neural patterning; next generation; nonhuman primate; predictive modeling; receptive field; receptor; retinal imaging; retinal stimulation; spatial vision; tool; visual processing; visual tracking

Project Summary Vision is the result of billions of neurons working in tandem to extract ecologically meaningful information from the external world. In contrast, only a few million cone photoreceptors serve as the gatekeepers for vision, by initiating light absorption and converting it into a language that the rest of the visual system can decode. In the retina, cone photoreceptors are also among the most vulnerable to disease. If therapies aimed at their rescue are to evolve in the future and restore normal vision with all its exquisite features, the underlying neural substrates for vision need to be detailed on a cellular scale. The properties of the trichromatic cone mosaic pose few well recognized ambiguities for visual processing. The photoisomerization in one cone alone, for instance, can arise from numerous combinations of intensity and wavelength leaving the visual system to rely on comparisons in postreceptoral circuitry to divorce these two elementary aspects of physical stimuli. Postreceptoral pathways encode intensity and wavelength variations in the retinal image by comparing trichromatic cone signals in a local region of space, the mechanisms of which remain mysterious. This, yet unknown, spatiochromatic code initiated at the level of the cone mosaic is inherited by, and consequently constrains the information available to downstream neurons responsible for decoding chromatic and achromatic properties of the visual scene. The lack of information on the natural variation in cone topography within and between individuals is a source of ambiguity for models of spectral processing in downstream neurons. Furthermore, the general lack of tools to directly link the outputs of the cones and their ensuing circuits onto behavior has hindered progress in outlining the neural substrates for color appearance and detection. We have recently developed tools to a) efficiently map the topography of the cone mosaic with adaptive optics assisted densitometry and b) test the visual sensations elicited by targeted stimulation of the retina with help of cellular-scale eye tracking. With knowledge of the spectral organization in the central retina across a range of individuals, we will establish the genetic and developmental mechanisms shaping the adult human retina in Aim 1. By undertaking concomitant chromatic and luminance detection measurements in the same retinae with optical aberrations removed, we will outline the postreceptoral wiring strategies that dictate the underlying limits for these classical perceptual tasks. In Aim 2, we will map the output of individual and collection of cone cells of known spectral type onto perception. We will first test hypotheses that characterize the rules by which cone signals are integrated to mediate detection and appearance. Next, we will detail the spatial grain of color signaling across the central retina and test whether they fall in line with standard models of center-surround opponency. Together, this work will lay the foundation for computational models of visual processing, establish a new line of experiments to test model predictions linking physiology and perception; and eventually set the stage for a wider application of these tools to cellular-scale behavioral testing in retinal disease and their therapies.

项目摘要 视觉是数十亿个神经元协同工作的结果，从生态上提取 来自外部世界的有意义的信息。相比之下，只有几百万个圆锥体 光感受器作为视觉的守门人，通过启动光吸收和转换 转化成视觉系统其他部分可以破译的语言。在视网膜内，视锥 光感受器也是最容易感染疾病的群体之一。如果治疗的目的是为了 救援将在未来发展，并以其所有精致的特征恢复正常的视力， 视觉的潜在神经底物需要在细胞尺度上进行详细的研究。 三色圆锥马赛克的性质给出了一些公认的歧义 视觉处理。例如，仅在一个锥体中的光异构化就可以由 强度和波长的多种组合使视觉系统不得不依赖 后受者环路的比较将生理的这两个基本方面分开 刺激物。受体后通路编码视网膜图像中的强度和波长变化 通过比较空间局部区域中的三基色锥体信号，其机制 保持神秘感。这种未知的空间色码是在锥体的水平上启动的 马赛克由继承，因此限制了下游可用的信息 负责解码视觉场景的彩色和非彩色特性的神经元。这个 缺乏关于个体内部和个体之间锥体地形自然变化的信息 下游神经元的光谱处理模型的歧义来源。此外， 普遍缺乏工具来直接将锥体及其后续电路的输出连接到 行为阻碍了描绘神经底物的颜色外观和 侦测。 我们最近开发了一些工具来a)有效地绘制出圆锥体的地形 利用自适应光学辅助密度计进行拼接，以及b)测试由 借助细胞尺度的眼球跟踪，对视网膜进行定向刺激。在了解了 在中央视网膜的光谱组织跨越一系列的个人，我们将建立 遗传和发育机制塑造成人视网膜的目标1。 在同一视网膜中进行伴随的色度和亮度检测 去除光学像差后，我们将概述决定 这些经典知觉任务的潜在极限。在目标2中，我们将映射 已知光谱类型的锥体细胞的个体和集合到感知上。我们将首先测试 描述锥体信号积分以进行调节的规则的假设 检测和外观。接下来，我们将详细介绍颜色信号的空间颗粒 中央视网膜，并测试它们是否符合中心-周围的标准模型 对抗性。综上所述，这项工作将为视觉计算模型奠定基础 处理，建立一系列新的实验来测试将生理学和 感知；并最终为这些工具在细胞范围内的更广泛应用奠定基础 视网膜疾病及其治疗中的行为测试。