Cardiopulmonary Risk Assessment from Smoke Exposure at the Wildland Urban Interface

项目摘要 急性和慢性野火烟雾吸入与死亡率增加以及呼吸道疾病有关。 和心血管疾病的发病率，虽然在何种程度上的频率和持续时间的接触或 烟雾的化学和颗粒特征对观察到的健康影响的贡献仍然未知。为 发生的荒地火灾和居住在荒地城市界面（WUI）的人数继续增加， 增加，长时间吸入野火烟雾对公众健康构成严重威胁。因此，在 迫切需要更好地了解与暴露于 荒野城市烟雾。WUI的野火产生的烟雾是一种复杂的气体混合物， 微量金属和精细和超细颗粒。后者对人类健康特别危险，因为它们 存款在肺部的深部区域，并可能转移到血液中，增加氧化和 炎症负担，包括局部和全身。长期的炎症会导致 阻塞性肺病和动脉粥样硬化。研究暴露于WUI烟雾与 心肺功能障碍的发展，我们的跨学科团队汇集了消防专业知识， 生成和表征，啮齿动物气溶胶暴露，呼吸力学，肺生物学，以及 心血管生理学为了实现我们的目标，我们将使用以下材料制造实验室规模的烟雾： WUI地区在南加州，我们将提供给小鼠。在目标1中，我们将研究 暴露的频率和持续时间，以及荒地火灾烟雾的颗粒浓度。在Aim中 2、我们将重点关注不同燃料源特征对WUI的相对贡献。此外如 作为ONES早期研究项目的一部分，PI和co-Is将组建一个外部顾问小组 包括吸入毒理学研究人员、公共卫生倡导者和消防专家。 将从这项建议中获得的新知识传播给社区将是这一计划的重要组成部分 奋进。

PROJECT SUMMARY Acute and chronic wildland fire smoke inhalation have been linked to increased mortality as well as respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, though the extent to which the frequency and duration of exposure or the chemical and particle profiles of the smoke contribute to the observed health effects remains unknown. As the occurrences of wildland fires and number of people living at the wildland urban interface (WUI) continue to increase, prolonged inhalation of wildland fire smoke poses a serious threat to public health. Due to this, there is an urgent need to better understand the adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes associated with the exposure to wildland urban smoke. The smoke that arises from wildland fires at the WUI is a complex mixture of gases, trace metals, and fine and ultrafine particles. The latter are particularly dangerous for human health, since they deposit in the deep regions of the lungs and may translocate into the blood stream, increasing the oxidative and inflammatory burden, both locally and systemically. Prolonged inflammation can lead to the development of obstructive lung disease and atherosclerosis. To investigate the link between exposure to WUI smoke and development of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, our interdisciplinary team brings together expertise in fire generation and characterization, rodent aerosol exposures, respiratory mechanics, lung biology, and cardiovascular physiology. To fulfill our goals, we will create lab-scale smoke using materials representative of WUI regions in Southern California and we will deliver it to mice. In Aim 1, we will investigate the role of frequency and duration of the exposure, as well as particulate concentration of the wildland fire smoke. In Aim 2, we will focus on the relative contribution of different fuel sources characteristic of the WUI. Furthermore, as part of this ONES early-stage-investigator project, the PI and co-Is will generate an external advisory panel consisting of inhalation toxicology researchers, public health advocates, and fire protection experts. Dissemination of new knowledge gained from this proposal to the community will be a vital part of this endeavor.