Cardiopulmonary outcomes of dual cigarette and e-cigarette use in animal models of chronic exposure

项目总结 新一代豆荚式尼古丁盐电子烟(e-cigspod)因其时尚的设计和 能够提供与传统烟草香烟(CIG)相似的尼古丁水平。尼古丁盐更容易 比上一代电子烟中发现的游离碱形式的尼古丁更容易吸入。而长期的健康 香烟烟雾的影响是众所周知的，长期使用电子香烟的后果仍然存在疑问，需要数据 以证明FDA立即出台的法规是合理的。相当一部分吸烟者不成功地使用电子烟来支持 他们的戒烟努力，而不是成为双重用户。雪茄烟雾和电子烟荚气溶胶的化学分布 是不同的，这表明长期吸烟和蒸发对健康的影响可能并不完全重叠。建房 在此基础上，我们假设吸烟和吸电子烟是心肺疾病的独立危险因素。 疾病，其叠加加剧肺、心脏和血管系统的不适应重塑 而不是单独练习。为了验证这一假设，我们将揭示高胆固醇血症和野生型 小鼠对雾化尼古丁、雾化溶剂载体、电子烟雾剂和香烟烟雾(幼稚的小鼠)，或 两者的组合(包括幼稚的和之前暴露于香烟烟雾的小鼠)，我们将比较结构 心血管和呼吸系统的功能重塑。我们将从以下方面产生电子烟盒气雾剂 烟草香料中的豆荚，尼古丁强度为5%。动机是使用电子烟戒烟的吸烟者 艾滋病可能会蒸发，直到他们满足尼古丁的渴望，我们将进行实验，以实现等量可替宁 小鼠血液中的生物利用度，同时保持每天相同的暴露时间。我们将测量 主动脉(组织硬度、扩张性和弹性储存)、心脏的机械特性(分数 缩短和射血分数)和肺(阻力和弹性)。我们将描述组织的特征 微观结构(空气空间大小、胶原蛋白含量和弹性纤维完整性)突出了最重要的因素 有助于观察到的功能变化。从这个项目中获得的知识将提供科学证据 支持《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》下的数据驱动的电子烟监管 《烟草控制框架公约》(FSPTCA)，具体涉及可燃香烟和电子香烟双重使用的健康风险。

PROJECT SUMMARY New generation pod-style nicotine salt e-cigarettes (e-cigspod) are popular because of their sleek design and ability to deliver nicotine levels similar to those of conventional tobacco cigarettes (cigs). Nicotine salts are easier to inhale than the free-base form of nicotine found in previous generation e-cigs. While the long-term health impact of cig smoke is well known, the consequences of chronic e-cig use remain in question, and data is needed to justify immediate FDA regulations. A substantial portion of smokers are unsuccessful in using e-cigs to support their cessation efforts and instead become dual users. The chemical profile of cig smoke and e-cigpod aerosols is different, which suggests that the health effects of chronic smoking and vaping may not fully overlap. Building upon this, we hypothesize that cig smoking and e-cigpod vaping, are independent risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease, whose superposition exacerbates the maladaptive remodeling of the lungs, heart, and vasculature compared to either practice alone. To test this hypothesis, we will expose hypercholesterolemic and wildtype mice to nebulized nicotine, aerosolized solvent carrier, e-cigpod aerosols, and cig smoke (naïve mice), or a combination of the two (both naïve and previously cig smoke-exposed mice) and we will compare the structural and functional remodeling of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. We will generate e-cigpod aerosols from pods in Tobacco flavor at 5% nicotine strength. Motivated by the idea that smokers who use e-cigs as cessation aids may vape until they satisfy their nicotine cravings, we will perform experiments to achieve equal cotinine bioavailability in the mouse blood, while maintaining the same daily duration of exposure. We will measure the mechanical properties of the of aorta (tissue stiffness, distensibility, and elastic storage), heart (fractional shortening and ejection fractions), and lungs (resistance and elastance). We will characterize tissue microstructure (air space sizes, collagen content, and elastic fiber integrity) to highlight the factors that most contribute to the observed functional changes. Knowledge gained from this project will provide scientific evidence in support of data-driven e-cig regulation under The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA), specifically concerning the health risks of dual combustible and electronic cigarette use.