Identifying neural markers of risk for anxiety in infancy

项目概要/摘要 行为抑制（BI），一种以害怕新奇为特征的气质，是最好的行为标记 其中儿童有患焦虑症的风险。然而，神经发育机制的基础， 从BI到焦虑的通路仍然难以捉摸。大量证据将BI和抑制控制（IC）过程联系起来， 焦虑的发展。然而，很少有证据表明这些行为是否 与大脑连通性的变化有关。拟议项目的目标是准确描述 与BI，IC相关的脑网络及其在婴儿期的相互作用，以阐明 焦虑为此，在指导阶段，我将描述大脑网络的纵向变化 涉及BI（目标1），确定与BI相关的静息状态功能连接的纵向变化 同时使用BI和IC（目标2）。随后，在独立阶段（R 00），我将复制并扩展此 使用BI和IC的行为测量来验证这些发现，并确定 与IC相关的脑网络对BI的神经相关性的贡献（目标3）。阐明 与焦虑相关的因素的独立和互动的贡献是必不可少的， 有针对性的干预措施的知识。这项研究计划将推进我的目标，发展一个独立的 一项研究计划，调查大脑发育如何支持复杂的社会和情感 发展这一行的工作将针对那些最有风险的非典型社会和情感 结果（例如，那些有精神病理学风险的人）， 神经影像学方法。为了有效地领导我未来的研究团队，我需要接受婴儿方面的强化培训。 功能磁共振（fMRI）数据分析和纵向建模。到目前为止，我的训练 为我提供了发展心理学，婴儿行为评估， 婴儿fMRI数据收集。我的职业发展计划扩展了这一技能，以进一步提供必要的 用于处理fMRI数据的数据驱动方法的训练（例如，独立成分分析）， fMRI数据的纵向建模和幼儿fMRI数据收集。通过这种受保护的训练 时间，我将进入我的独立研究阶段，做好充分准备，带领我的研究团队识别神经 焦虑症的高危指标

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperament characterized by fear of novelty, is the best behavioral marker of which children are at risk for anxiety. However, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms that underly the pathway from BI to anxiety remain elusive. Extensive evidence links BI and inhibitory control (IC) processes to the development of anxiety. However, very little evidence has illuminated whether these behaviors are associated with changes in brain connectivity. The goal of the proposed project is to precisely characterize brain networks associated with BI, IC, and their interaction in infancy to illuminate the pathophysiology of anxiety. To do so, during the mentored phase, I will characterize longitudinal changes in brain networks implicated in BI (Aim 1), identify longitudinal changes in resting state functional connectivity that are associated with both BI and IC (Aim 2). Subsequently, during the independent phase (R00), I will replicate and extend this line of work to validate these findings using behavioral measures of BI and IC and identify the moderating contribution that brain networks associated with IC have on the neural correlates of BI (Aim 3). Elucidating the independent and interactive contributions of factors associated with anxiety is essential for generating knowledge for targeted interventions. This research plan will advance my goal of developing an independent funded research program investigating how brain development supports complex social and emotional development. This line of work will target those individuals most at risk for atypical social and emotional outcomes (e.g., those at risk for psychopathology) by charting the precursors to emotional disorders using neuroimaging methods. To effectively lead my future research team, I require intensive training in infant functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data analysis and longitudinal modeling. To date, my training has provided me with a strong foundation of skills in developmental psychology, infant behavioral assessment, and infant fMRI data collection. My career development plan expands on this skill set to provide essential further training in data-driven approaches for processing fMRI data (e.g., independent components analysis), longitudinal modeling of fMRI data, and toddler fMRI data collection. By engaging in this protected training time, I will enter my independent stage of research well prepared to lead my research team to identify neural markers indicative of high risk for anxiety.