CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF OVARIAN CANCER IN LOS ANGELES

这项研究的主要目的是调查饮食与 卵巢癌，并调查使用时的年龄和剂量 口服避孕药(OCS)对卵巢的保护作用 癌症。这些目标将通过基于人口的病例对照来实现 学习。我们将使用基于问卷的方法，调查750个案例- 对照对，带有实验室组件(测量半乳糖 对于50%的受试者(见下文)。面对面结构 面试将使用逐月日历进行，以 生殖活动与业主立案法团的相册和其他帮助 促进回忆。所有病例都会盲目地使用诊断幻灯片 由单一的病理学家进行复查以达到诊断的一致性。 将对OC的使用和选定的其他方面进行验证 受试者的病史。 主要的饮食问题是动物(或饱和)脂肪的摄入量 和/或乳糖摄入量与卵巢癌风险呈正相关。 这些问题将通过有效的饮食饮食频率来解决 问卷调查。乳糖问题将通过以下方式进一步解决 研究乳糖酶持久性与风险的关系，以及 通过研究半乳糖代谢。将对乳糖酶缺乏症进行调查 通过问卷调查的方法对所有受试者进行调查，并分析了 向实际乳糖酶缺乏症提出的问题将在 控件的示例。血清半乳糖直接作用于卵巢 被认为是乳糖之间关系的机制 消费对卵巢癌风险的影响；这是研究的原因 半乳糖代谢。 近期卵巢癌流行病学研究综述 提供了相当有力的证据表明更年期年龄是有效的 与卵巢癌风险无关。这一点，以及其他一些观察表明 已知的OCS对卵巢癌的保护作用可能是 与OC剂量和使用年龄相关，提供了真正的区分 关于卵巢癌“病因”的各种假说。我们将对此进行调查 进一步收集有关OC品牌和使用年限的详细数据，以及 将发现的保护与怀孕的保护效果联系起来 不同年龄的人。深入了解业主立案法团的保障 有很多原因都很重要，尤其是 了解现代低剂量OCS是否继续提供显著 预防这种重要的女性癌症。

The main aims of this study are to investigate the relation of diet to ovarian cancer, and to investigate whether the age at use and 'dose' of oral contraceptives (OCs) affects their protective effect against ovarian cancer. These aims will be accomplished by a population-based case-control study. We will be using a questionnaire-based approach with 750 case- control pairs, with a laboratory component (measuring galactose metabolism) for 50% of the subjects (see below). In-person structured interviews will be conducted using a month by month calendar for reproductive events with a photograph album of OCs and other aids to facilitate recall. All cases will have their diagnostic slides blindly reviewed by a single pathologist to attain uniformity of diagnosis. Validation will be undertaken of OC use and other selected aspects of the subjects' medical histories. The main dietary issues are whether animal (or saturated) fat consumption and/or lactose consumption are positively related to ovarian cancer risk. These questions will be addressed by a validated dietary food frequency questionnaire. The lactose issue will be further addressed by investigating the relationship between lactase persistence and risk, and by studying galactose metabolism. Lactase deficiency will be investigated on all subjects through a questionnaire approach, and the relationship of the questions asked to actual lactase deficiency will be investigated in a sample of controls. Serum galactose acting directly on the ovary has been proposed as the mechanism of the proposed relationship of lactose consumption to ovarian cancer risk; this is the reason for studying galactose metabolism. A recent overview of a number of epidemiological studies of ovarian cancer provided quite strong evidence that age at menopause is effectively unrelated to ovarian cancer risk. This, and other observations suggesting that the known protective effects of OCs against ovarian cancer may be related to OC dose and age at use, provides real discrimination between various hypotheses of ovarian cancer 'etiology'. We will investigate this further by collecting detailed data on OC brand and age at use, and relating the protection found to the protective effects of pregnancies at various ages. An in-depth understanding of the protection afforded by OCs is important for many reasons, in particular it is vitally important to know whether modem low-dose OCs are continuing to provide significant protection against this important cancer of women.