OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

描述(摘自调查人员的摘要)：出生后不久，大多数 婴儿出现近乎正视的屈光不正，然后 在整个儿童时期和成年初期，双眼都有这种症状。 然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，一个重要的和 越来越多的人患上了异常屈光 错误(目前约30%的年轻人有显著的 屈光不正)。除了传统的高成本外， 光学矫正、屈光不正可导致永久性感觉 导致失明的疾病和眼睛的异常。长期的 拟议研究的目标是提供更好的 了解人类屈光不正的原因并获得 对屈光不正作为发展的危险因素的洞察 感觉障碍，如弱视和异常的双眼视觉。一个 主要目标是确定早期的视觉体验，以及 特殊的光学离焦，影响眼睛屈光不正 发展。将采用眼镜养眼养生法 有效改变幼年恒河猴的屈光状态。 光学和超声技术将被用来量化 这些晶状体培养策略对眼睛发育的影响 S的轴向和折射元件。除了确定哪些是 眼睛部件会受到视觉体验的影响，建议 调查的目的是确定(1)正视化是否 高等灵长类动物的过程对光学敏感并受其调节 散焦，(2)形式剥夺现象与 近视和正常的正视化过程，以及(3)是否 散光的存在会扰乱正常的正视。平行 空间对比敏感度和空间对比敏感度的心理物理研究 立体视觉将检查早期屈光不正之间的关系 误差与弱视和/或双眼畸形的发展 幻象。行为研究还将确定是否存在 感觉障碍本身可以破坏正视化并促进 随后发展为异常屈光不正。结果是 这些研究对于开发新的治疗方法和 屈光不正的管理策略。此外，这些 调查将有助于确定屈光不正的程度 需要纠正婴幼儿，以避免发育 感觉障碍。

DESCRIPTION (from the investigator's abstract): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors which are then maintained in both eye throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30 percent of young adults have significant refractive errors). In addition to the high costs for traditional optical corrections, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term objectives for the proposed research are to provide a better understanding of the etiologies of human refractive errors and to gain insight into refractive errors as risk factors for the development of sensory disorders like amblyopia and anomalous binocular vision. A primary goal is to determine how early visual experiences, and in particular optical defocus, influences ocular refractive error development. Spectacle lens-rearing regimens will be used to effectively alter the refractive status of infant rhesus monkeys. Optical and ultrasonographic techniques will be used to quantify the effects of these lens-rearing strategies on the development of the eye s axial and refractive components. In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization. Parallel psychophysical investigations of spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity will examine the relationship between early refractive errors and the development of amblyopia and/or anomalous binocular vision. The behavioral studies will also determine whether the presence of sensory disorders, themselves, can disrupt emmetropization and promote the subsequent development of abnormal refractive errors. The results of these studies are essential for the development of new treatment and management strategies for refractive errors. Moreover, these investigation will help determine the extent to which refractive errors need to be corrected in young infants in order to avoid the development of sensory disorders.