OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

描述（来自研究者摘要）：出生后不久，大多数 婴儿发展成近正视屈光不正， 在整个儿童期和成年早期都保持在双眼中。 然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因， 越来越多的人出现屈光不正 错误（目前约有30%的年轻人有重大错误） 屈光不正）。 除了传统的高成本之外， 光学矫正，屈光不正可导致永久性感觉 导致失明的疾病和眼部异常。长期 这项研究的目的是提供一个更好的 了解人类屈光不正的病因， 深入了解屈光不正作为发展的风险因素， 感觉障碍如弱视和异常双眼视觉。 一 主要目标是确定早期的视觉体验， 特别是光学散焦，影响眼屈光不正 发展 眼镜饲养方案将用于 有效地改变幼年恒河猴的屈光状态。 光学和超声技术将用于量化 这些晶状体养育策略对眼睛发育的影响 的轴向和折射分量。 除了确定哪些 视觉组件可以影响视觉经验，建议 研究旨在确定（1）正视化是否 在高等灵长类动物的过程是敏感的，并由光学调节 失焦现象与形觉剥夺现象的关系 近视和正常正视化过程，以及（3）是否 散光的存在破坏了正常的正视化。 平行 空间对比敏感度的心理物理学研究， 立体视锐度将检查早期屈光 错误和弱视和/或异常双眼的发展 视野 行为研究还将确定是否存在 感觉障碍本身会破坏正视化， 随后出现的异常屈光不正。结果 这些研究对于开发新的治疗方法至关重要， 屈光不正的管理策略。 而且这些 调查将有助于确定屈光不正的程度， 需要在幼儿中进行纠正，以避免发展 感觉障碍

DESCRIPTION (from the investigator's abstract): Soon after birth, most infants develop near emmetropic refractive errors which are then maintained in both eye throughout childhood and into early adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and increasing proportion of the population develop abnormal refractive errors (currently about 30 percent of young adults have significant refractive errors). In addition to the high costs for traditional optical corrections, refractive errors can lead to permanent sensory disorders and ocular abnormalities causing blindness. The long-term objectives for the proposed research are to provide a better understanding of the etiologies of human refractive errors and to gain insight into refractive errors as risk factors for the development of sensory disorders like amblyopia and anomalous binocular vision. A primary goal is to determine how early visual experiences, and in particular optical defocus, influences ocular refractive error development. Spectacle lens-rearing regimens will be used to effectively alter the refractive status of infant rhesus monkeys. Optical and ultrasonographic techniques will be used to quantify the effects of these lens-rearing strategies on the development of the eye s axial and refractive components. In addition to determining which ocular components can be influenced by visual experience, the proposed investigation are designed to determine (1) whether the emmetropization process in higher primates is sensitive to and regulated by optical defocus, (2) the relationship between the phenomenon of form-deprivation myopia and the normal emmetropization process, and (3) whether the presence of astigmatism disrupts normal emmetropization. Parallel psychophysical investigations of spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity will examine the relationship between early refractive errors and the development of amblyopia and/or anomalous binocular vision. The behavioral studies will also determine whether the presence of sensory disorders, themselves, can disrupt emmetropization and promote the subsequent development of abnormal refractive errors. The results of these studies are essential for the development of new treatment and management strategies for refractive errors. Moreover, these investigation will help determine the extent to which refractive errors need to be corrected in young infants in order to avoid the development of sensory disorders.