LEISHMANIASIS--TRANSMISSION

该项目旨在确定两种传播方式 利什曼病的形式。 最近，在一个控制程序，以消除 感染的狗，尽管在犬利什曼病的显着下降， 在这个城市，人间病例数量有所上升。 我们建议 确定内脏利什曼病（VL）患者是否可以传播 使役L.查加斯到沙飞矢量路。长须的 频繁到足以成为感染源。 为此我们 将决定： a. 频率L。longipalpis感染L.恰加斯 当咬伤患有急性内脏利什曼病和无症状的患者时， 有免疫学证据的人。恰加斯病感染。 B. 白蛉是否感染L.来自人类的恰加斯可以感染 仓鼠，从而表明它们含有感染形式。 其次，我们对皮肤利什曼病的研究表明， 涉及所有年龄组和男女的案件中， 传播距离房屋比工作场所更近，并建议 狗（或人）可能在传播给人类方面更重要， 比啮齿类动物（其中大多数未感染）。 我们的目标是： C. 确认L. b的存在。巴西的狗，并评估 狗感染白蛉并将感染传给 仓鼠 D. 与VL一样，确定人类是否可以用L感染白蛉。 巴西人，因此在传播中发挥作用。 e. 确定Lu的主机偏好。whitmani和其他天然砂 通过对白蛉肠道内容物的分析，利用PCR技术来区分 人、犬和其他哺乳动物的血液。 F. 为了确定在家庭中看到的病例聚集是否适当， 在部分遗传因素的影响下，我们将对家族进行HLA II型分型。 该项目与ICIDR的目标直接相关， 这些重要热带疾病的发病率和死亡率。

This project is aimed at determining the modes of transmission of two forms of leishmaniasis. Recently, in a control program to eliminate infected dogs, despite the marked decrease in canine leishmaniasis in the city, there was a rise in the number of human cases. We propose to determine whether persons with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can transmit the causative L. chagasi to the sand fly vector Lu. longipalpis frequently enough to serve as a source for infection. To do this, we will determine: a. the frequency that L. longipalpis become infected with L. chagasi when biting patients with acute visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic persons with immunologic evidence of L. chagasi infections. b. whether sand flies infected with L. chagasi from humans can infect hamsters, thus showing they contain the infective form. Secondly, our studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis demonstrated clustering of cases involving persons of all age groups and both sexes implying that transmission was closer to houses than to places of work, and suggested that dogs (or humans) might be more important in transmission to humans than rodents (most of which were uninfected). We aim to: c. Confirm the presence of L.b. braziliensis in dogs, and evaluate the ability of dogs to infect sand flies and pass on the infection to hamsters. d. As with VL, ascertain whether humans can infect sand flies with L. braziliensis and thus play a role in transmission. e. Determine the host preference of Lu. whitmani and other native sand flies by the analysis of sand fly gut contents using PCR to distinguish human, canine, and other mammalian blood. f. To determine if the clustering of cases seen in households is due, in part, to genetic factors, we will type families for HLA class II. This project ties in directly with the goals of this ICIDR to decrease the morbidity and mortality of these important tropical diseases.