LEISHMANIASIS--TRANSMISSION

该项目旨在确定两种病毒的传播方式 各种形式的利什曼病。最近，在一个控制程序中消除了 受感染的狗只，尽管犬类利什曼病在 在该市，人类感染病例的数量有所上升。我们建议 确定内脏利什曼病(VL)患者是否可以传播 致病的查加西乳杆菌(L.chagasi)对沙蝇媒介鲁氏杆菌有致病作用。长掌骨 频繁到足以成为感染源。为了做到这一点，我们 将决定： A.长瓣乳杆菌感染查加西乳杆菌的频率 当咬伤急性内脏利什曼病和无症状的患者时 有查加西乳杆菌感染的免疫学证据的人。 B.感染来自人类的查加西乳杆菌的沙蝇是否会感染 仓鼠，从而表明它们含有感染形式。 其次，我们对皮肤利什曼病的研究显示了聚集性。 涉及所有年龄组别和性别的案件，这意味着 传播距离房子比工作地点更近，并建议 狗(或人)在传播给人类方面可能更重要 而不是啮齿动物(大多数是未感染的)。我们的目标是： C.确认L.B.的存在。在狗身上发现了布拉兹利虫，并评估了 狗感染沙蝇并将感染传染给人类的能力 仓鼠。 D.与VL一样，确定人类是否可以感染沙蝇。 因此在传播中起到了作用。 E.确定鲁的寄主喜好。怀特马尼和其他天然沙子 用聚合酶链式反应分析沙蝇肠道内容物来区分 人血、犬血和其他哺乳动物的血。 F.为了确定家庭中出现的病例聚集性是否合理， 部分由于遗传因素，我们将家系分型为人类白细胞抗原II类。 该项目与ICIDR的目标直接挂钩，以减少 这些重要热带疾病的发病率和死亡率。

This project is aimed at determining the modes of transmission of two forms of leishmaniasis. Recently, in a control program to eliminate infected dogs, despite the marked decrease in canine leishmaniasis in the city, there was a rise in the number of human cases. We propose to determine whether persons with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can transmit the causative L. chagasi to the sand fly vector Lu. longipalpis frequently enough to serve as a source for infection. To do this, we will determine: a. the frequency that L. longipalpis become infected with L. chagasi when biting patients with acute visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic persons with immunologic evidence of L. chagasi infections. b. whether sand flies infected with L. chagasi from humans can infect hamsters, thus showing they contain the infective form. Secondly, our studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis demonstrated clustering of cases involving persons of all age groups and both sexes implying that transmission was closer to houses than to places of work, and suggested that dogs (or humans) might be more important in transmission to humans than rodents (most of which were uninfected). We aim to: c. Confirm the presence of L.b. braziliensis in dogs, and evaluate the ability of dogs to infect sand flies and pass on the infection to hamsters. d. As with VL, ascertain whether humans can infect sand flies with L. braziliensis and thus play a role in transmission. e. Determine the host preference of Lu. whitmani and other native sand flies by the analysis of sand fly gut contents using PCR to distinguish human, canine, and other mammalian blood. f. To determine if the clustering of cases seen in households is due, in part, to genetic factors, we will type families for HLA class II. This project ties in directly with the goals of this ICIDR to decrease the morbidity and mortality of these important tropical diseases.