COVID-19 and the Health and Wellbeing of Vulnerable Service Sector Workers across the Life Course

COVID-19 与弱势服务行业工人整个生命周期的健康和福祉

• 批准号: 10911690
• 负责人: KRISTEN HARKNETT
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10911690
• 关键词: Adherence; Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Asian; Behavior; Behavioral Sciences; Black race; Buffers; COVID-19; COVID-19 monitoring; COVID-19 pandemic; Characteristics; Common Data Element; Communities; Coronavirus; Data; Data Collection; Data Files; Data Set; Databases; Documentation; Economics; Elderly; Emergency Situation; Employee; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Family; Food Services; Fostering; Grain; Health; Health Sciences; Heterogeneity; Hispanic; Home; Hour; Household; Income; Individual; Insurance Benefits; Job loss; Knowledge; Labor Forces; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Low income; Maps; Measures; Natural experiment; Occupations; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmacy facility; Play; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Marker; Role; Sampling; Security; Services; Shapes; Shock; Site; Social Sciences; Source; Subgroup; Surveys; Time; Underserved Population; Unemployment; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Variant; Visit; Woman; Workplace; aged; coronavirus disease; data integration; data repository; data resource; experience; geographic difference; health disparity; hospital services; innovation; large scale data; novel; pandemic disease; people of color; public health relevance; response; safety net; socioeconomic disadvantage; unemployment insurance; vulnerable community

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated intermingled health and economic shocks, which were felt deeply in the service-sector. The service-sector workforce is large, with nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce employed in retail, grocery, food service and related sectors, and is predominantly low-income and disproportionately women and people of color. These underserved workers bore the brunt of the initial wave of mass unemployment, with potentially dire consequences for health disparities across the life course. However, the economic crisis was met by a safety net expansion that could have buffered the health consequences. For those who remained employed, many found themselves on the frontlines of the pandemic, staffing grocery stores, pharmacies, and fulfillment centers. These workers’ adherence to coronavirus mitigation practices, including masking, staying home when sick, and getting vaccinated, shaped the further course of the pandemic. For vulnerable community-dwelling older adults and other vulnerable adults, visits to grocery stores and pharmacies remained essential throughout the pandemic and so were a regular source of risk. Community-dwelling older service workers’ risks depended on both their own adherence to mitigation strategies and that of their younger co-workers. Yet, there is a gap in knowledge about how the economic crisis affected the health of these underserved workers and how adherence to coronavirus mitigation strategies played out in their workplaces, especially for older workers. To fill these gaps, we propose to draw on novel data we collected as PIs of The Shift Project from 161,619 hourly service-sector workers surveyed between 2017 and 2022, including 83,720 workers who were recently laid-off, or remained on the job and surveyed during the pandemic, as well as planned data collection through 2023. We propose to use this data to accomplish three key aims. First, we match the Shift Project micro-data with contextual data at multiple levels from novel sources to construct measures of workplace risk environment, company policies, local mandates, and COVID-19 rates. We will prepare a harmonized and integrated data file that meets FAIR standards to encourage discovery and use of the data. Second, we estimate the effects of economic disruption on the health of underserved workers, the role of the expanded safety net in buffering workers against harmful consequences of these shocks, and how these dynamics varied for older workers. Third, we examine the predictors of adherence to coronavirus mitigation practices. Uniquely, we incorporate firm and establishment- level predictors of risk environments and policies alongside individual-level and regulatory predictors and examine how effects vary by age. In sum, we propose to harmonize, link, and disseminate innovative and timely large-scale data for a population subgroup that is underserved and vulnerable to COVID-19 shocks and in a setting of considerable relevance for public health, and to generate rigorous evidence on job displacement and health and on multi-level predictors of adherence to mitigation practices in the workplace across the life course.

抽象的 COVID-19 大流行引发了健康和经济双重冲击，人们深受影响 服务业。服务业劳动力规模庞大，近 20% 的美国劳动力从事零售业、 食品杂货、食品服务和相关部门，主要是低收入且不成比例的女性和 有色人种。这些服务不足的工人在第一波大规模失业中首当其冲， 整个生命周期的健康差异可能会产生可怕的后果。然而却遭遇了经济危机 通过扩大安全网，可以缓冲健康后果。对于那些仍然有工作的人来说， 许多人发现自己处于大流行的前线，为杂货店、药房和履行人员配备人员 中心。这些工人遵守冠状病毒缓解措施，包括戴口罩、外出时呆在家里 生病和接种疫苗决定了大流行的进一步发展。对于弱势社区住宅 对于老年人和其他弱势成年人，自始至终，去杂货店和药店仍然是必不可少的 大流行等都是常见的风险来源。居住在社区的老年服务人员的风险取决于 他们自己和年轻同事对缓解策略的坚持。然而，还有一个差距 了解经济危机如何影响这些服务不足的工人的健康以及遵守情况如何 关注在工作场所实施的冠状病毒缓解策略，尤其是针对老年工人。为了填补这些空白， 我们建议利用我们作为 Shift 项目的 PI 从 161,619 个小时服务行业收集的新数据 2017 年至 2022 年间接受调查的工人，其中包括最近被解雇或仍在工作的 83,720 名工人 疫情期间的工作和调查，以及计划到 2023 年收集的数据。我们建议使用 这些数据可以实现三个关键目标。首先，我们将轮班项目微观数据与上下文数据进行匹配 从新来源的多个层面构建工作场所风险环境、公司政策、当地风险的衡量标准 规定和 COVID-19 比率。我们将准备符合 FAIR 要求的统一、集成的数据文件 鼓励发现和使用数据的标准。其次，我们估计经济混乱的影响 关于服务不足的工人的健康，扩大的安全网在缓冲工人免受有害影响方面的作用 这些冲击的后果，以及这些动态对老年工人有何不同。第三，我们检查 遵守冠状病毒缓解措施的预测因素。独特的是，我们将公司和机构合并在一起- 风险环境和政策的水平预测因素以及个人水平和监管预测因素 检查效果如何随年龄变化。总之，我们建议协调、链接和传播创新且及时的信息 服务不足且容易受到 COVID-19 冲击的人口亚组的大规模数据 与公共卫生具有相当大的相关性，并就工作流离失所和产生严格的证据 健康状况以及在整个生命周期中遵守工作场所缓解实践的多层次预测因素。