Efficacy of balance training with intermittent sensory perturbations

项目摘要/摘要 跌倒是老年人死亡的主要原因。以前的研究已经成功地在对抗 关于使用训练范例的老年人跌倒风险的研究，但这些训练范例的有效性尚不清楚。 感觉输入可以被操纵，运动输出可以通过生物力学分析来测量，但 由于以前在非侵入性成像方面的局限性，计算过程是一个“黑箱”问题。Dr。 费里斯和他的团队通过在非侵入性成像方面的突破彻底改变了神经力学领域 技术通过脑电(EEG)，使他们能够表征计算过程 与平衡训练中的感觉操作和生物力学分析并行。要了解 训练模式对降低跌倒风险的有效性，有必要同时调查 神经机械组件(感觉整合、计算过程、运动输出)对 老年人和年轻人之间的培训范例。普林纳博士的研究目标将是量化 通过操纵感觉信息对神经机械部件进行平衡训练的效果 并测量电皮质和生物力学反应。完成这一目标的培训将 推进普林纳博士的职业目标，即成为安全和预防跌倒方面的领先人为因素专家。 她的建议旨在量化间歇性感官干扰下平衡训练的效果 年轻人(目标1)和老年人(目标2)的模式，并量化年龄对感觉的影响，计算 和平衡训练中的运动反应(目标3)。160名年轻人和老年人将走在固定的横梁上 在跑步机上以0.22米/S的速度移动。参与者将被随机分配到平衡训练范式， 间歇性感觉障碍(视觉、躯体感觉、前庭、无)。感官上的干扰就会发生 S在步态双支撑阶段每隔8天给予1.5次S。受试者运动学和大脑皮层活动 将在测试和训练过程中通过动作捕捉系统从反射标记中进行量化 定制的脑电系统。这项工作将揭示感觉整合、计算过程和运动 年轻人和老年人平衡训练的结果。我们期待平衡表现，扰动 检测(theta同步)和运动指令(α-β去同步)因平衡而异 具有感官扰动的训练范例。这将揭示关于平衡训练功效的关键知识 在衰老、跌倒和神经力学领域，有必要设计高效的干预措施来减少 老年人中的跌倒损伤。普林纳博士将在活动和衰老的神经机械组件方面获得专业知识 以及在新的大脑皮层数据提取程序方面的熟练专业知识。此外，普林纳博士将 发展和提升她的指导技能。她将指导一名本科生，该学生在 茎领域通过科学的方法和第一作者的手稿。该培训计划将填补博士学位方面的空白。 普林纳的研究经验，使她能够独树一帜地推进人的因素领域。

Project Summary/Abstract Falls are the leading cause of fatality among older adults. Previous research has been successful in combating fall risk in older adults with training paradigms, but the efficacy of these training paradigms is not understood. Sensory inputs can be manipulated and motor output can be measured from biomechanical analysis, but the computational processes are a “black box” problem due to previous limitations in non-invasive imaging. Dr. Ferris and his team revolutionized the neuromechanics field through breakthroughs in non-invasive imaging technology via electroencephalography (EEG), allowing them to characterize computational processes in parallel with sensory manipulation and biomechanical analysis during balance training. To understand the efficacy of training paradigms on fall risk reduction, there is a need to simultaneously investigate the neuromechanical components (sensory integration, computational processes, motor output) in response to training paradigms between older and younger adults. Dr. Pliner’s research objective will be to quantify the efficacy of balance training paradigms on neuromechanical components by manipulating sensory information and measuring electrocortical and biomechanical responses. The training to complete this objective will advance Dr. Pliner’s career goals of becoming a leading human factors expert on safety and falls prevention. Her proposal aims are to quantify the efficacy of balance training with intermittent perturbations across sensory modalities in younger (Aim 1) and older (Aim 2) adults, and to quantify aging effects on sensory, computational and motor responses during balance training (Aim 3). 160 younger and older adults will walk on a beam fixed to a treadmill moving at 0.22 m/s. Participants will be randomly allocated to a balance training paradigm with intermittent sensory perturbations (visual, somatosensory, vestibular, none). Sensory perturbations will occur for 1.5 s during the double support phase of gait every 8 s. Participant kinematics and electrocortical activity will be quantified during testing and training sessions from reflective markers via a motion capture system and custom-built EEG system. This work will uncover the sensory integration, computational processes and motor outputs of balance training in younger and older adults. We expect balance performance, perturbation detection (theta synchronization), and motor commands (alpha-beta desynchronization) to vary by balance training paradigm with sensory perturbations. This will reveal critical knowledge on balance training efficacy for the aging, falls and neuromechanics fields and is necessary to design interventions of high efficacy to reduce fall injuries in older adults. Dr. Pliner will gain expertise in neuromechanical components of mobility and aging and skilled-based expertise in novel electrocortical data extraction procedures. In addition, Dr. Pliner will develop and advance her mentoring skills. She will mentee an undergraduate student underrepresented in the STEM fields through the scientific method and to a 1st author manuscript. This training plan will fill gaps in Dr. Pliner’s research experience and empower her to uniquely advance the human factors field.