JOB CHARACTERISTICS & ALCOHOLISM IN WHITE COLLAR WORKERS

到目前为止，关于工作和工作之间关系的研究成果 饮酒是相当模棱两可的，部分原因是高度诱导性 这项研究的大部分特点，几乎是临时性质的 结果(与酒精有关的)变量和工作特征 分析认为，未能控制的非工作相关因素包括 婚姻压力或个性特征，以及关于 受试者的工作经历是否早于酒精的形成 他们被假定会引起的问题。此外，最重要的是 分析是基于蓝领样本进行的。这项研究将解决 这些问题中的每一个都是通过(1)测试几个假设存在联系的模型来解决的 特定工作特征与酗酒之间的关系；(2)系统性 分析各种酒精结果衡量标准(包括酗酒 和依赖性，数量-频率-变异性的度量，原因 饮酒，以及对饮酒的态度)，以及(3)分析时间 饮酒问题的发生与受试者饮酒年限的关系 他们现在的雇主。建议的分析的数据源是 西屋电气公司1870名白领员工调查 是1988年进行的。这项调查最初是为了评估 在这个人群中情绪障碍和酗酒的患病率， 收集了关于酒精消费的详细信息，各种 工作特征、婚姻紧张和其他几个与工作无关的问题 需要控制的因素等。因此，这是最大的 白领专业人士样本，其关于这两个方面的全面数据 酒精使用和工作特征已经确定。的配偶 已婚员工完成了一份更简短的问卷，其中包括 有关与酒精有关的行为和对酒精的态度的问题。 除了使用标准的多元统计程序之外 (多元Logistic回归和结构方程建模)和 生存分析方法(比例风险模型)，两种类型 计量经济学分析--有限因变量分析和 切换回归模型--将被用来试图改善 工作的具体概念之间的对应关系--酒精 关系和用于研究这一点的统计模型 两性关系。预计为以下方面开发的建模方法 这项研究将对那些研究类似问题的人有所帮助 蓝领工人和结果将有助于为设计提供信息 未来对这一关系的研究(横向或纵向) 在工作和酗酒之间。

To date, the research findings on the relationship between work and drinking are quite equivocal, in part because of the highly inductive character of much of this research, the almost ad hoc nature of both the outcome (alcohol-related) variables and the job characteristics that are analyzed, the failure to control for nonwork-related factors such as marital stress or personality traits, and insufficient information about whether subjects' job experiences pre-date the development of alcohol problems which they are hypothesized to cause. Furthermore, most prior analyses have been based on blue collar samples. This study will address each of these issues by (1) testing several models that postulate a link between specific job characteristics and alcoholism, (2) systematically analyzing a variety of alcohol outcome measures (including alcohol abuse and dependence, quantity-frequency-variability measures, reasons for drinking, and attitudes toward drinking), and (3) analyzing the temporal relationship between onset of drinking problems and subjects' tenure with their present employer. The data source for the proposed analyses is a survey of 1870 white collar employees at Westinghouse Corporation conducted in 1988. This survey, originally designed to assess the prevalence rates of mood disorders and alcoholism in this population, collected detailed information about alcohol consumption, a variety of job characteristics, marital strain and several other nonwork-related factors that need to be controlled, etc. As such, this is the largest sample of white collar professionals for which comprehensive data on both alcohol use and job characteristics has been ascertained. The spouses of married employees completed a briefer questionnaire which included questions about alcohol-related behavior and attitudes toward alcohol. In addition to using standard multivariate statistical procedures (multiple and logistic regression and structural equation modeling) and survival analysis methods (proportional hazards models), two types of econometric analysis -- limited dependent variables analysis and switching regression models -- will be employed to try to improve the correspondence between specific conceptualizations of the work-alcohol relationship and the statistical models used to investigate this relationship. It is expected that the modeling approach developed for this study will be useful to those investigating similar questions among blue collar workers and that the results will help to inform the design of future studies (cross-sectional or longitudinal) of the relationship between work and alcoholism.