IN-VEHICLE BAC TEST DEVICES AS A DETERRENT TO DUI

被描绘成这十年的大反派(Laurence等人，1988)， 酒后驾车越来越成为我们生活中无法忍受的一部分 文化。每年产生100多万起酒后驾车逮捕和 每年在美国造成超过25,000人死亡，饮酒和 驾驶对整个社会来说是一个严重的问题，甚至更多 尤其是对我们的立法制度而言。背负着 提供法律补救以阻止酒后驾车的责任， 许多州的法官目前正在判处那些被判酒后驾车的人 使用车载酒精测试设备(点火联锁系统)作为 缓刑条件。在大多数情况下，需要订购联锁来代替 吊销执照，但除了罚款，监禁和 康复计划。 尽管目前有数百名罪犯使用互锁 设备，随着更多州的通过，预计数量将会增加 授权使用它们的立法，没有可靠的经验证据 到目前为止，它实际上在减少累犯率方面是有效的。此外， 实际上，人们对该系统的运行特性一无所知 设备，围绕其使用的态度和感知，以及 同时产生的和长期的态度或行为影响 归因于这个装置。 这项为期三年的研究的主要目标是评估 联锁系统在量刑中的长期效力 对酒后驾车的违法者进行审查，以此作为对随后因酒后驾车而逮捕的人的威慑。短小的- 期限效应是指在联锁系统运行期间观察到的影响 在试验组成员和车手的车里运行 控制组成员的执照被暂停；长期影响是 在联锁设备安装后一年内观察到的 已经从试验者的车里移走了，还有驾照 已为这些控件恢复。这项研究的设计涉及一个 精密度匹配的准试验设计 控制组成员被判酒后驾车，四波数据收集 涉及个人面对面的面谈和警方记录搜索 酒后驾车再次逮捕。这项研究的结果，第一次全面 调查人员已知的联锁装置的研究，将直接 对通过正式立法的州的政策影响 授权法官在酒后驾车和当地量刑中使用这一设备 法官使用联锁程序。

Portrayed as the arch-villain of this decade (Laurence et al., 1988), the drunk driver has increasingly become an intolerable part of our culture. Producing over one million annual drunk driving arrests and accounting for over 25,000 deaths each year in the U.S., drinking and driving presents a serious problem for society in general, and more particularly, for our legislative system. Burdened with the responsibility of providing legal remedies to deter drunk driving, judges in many states are currently sentencing those convicted of DUI to use in-vehicle alcohol test devices (ignition interlock systems) as a condition of probation. In most cases, interlocks are ordered in lieu of license suspension, but in addition to fines, jail sentences, and rehabilitation programs. Although there are currently hundreds of offenders using interlock devices, with the numbers expected to grow as additional states pass legislation authorizing their use, there is no sound empirical evidence to date that it is, in fact, effective in reducing recidivism. Further, virtually nothing is known about the operational characteristics of the device, the attitudes and perceptions surrounding its use, and the concurrent and long-term attitudinal or behavioral effects that can be attributed to the device. The primary objective of this three year study is to evaluate the short and long term effectiveness of interlock systems used in the sentencing of DUI offenders as a deterrent to a subsequent arrest for DUI. Short- term effects are those observed during the period the interlock system is operational in the cars of experimental group members and drivers' licenses are suspended for control group members; long-term effects are those observed over a one year period after the interlock equipment has been removed from the cars of the experimentals, and drivers' licenses are reinstated for the controls. The design of the study involves a quasi-experimental design with precision matched experimental and control group members convicted of DUI, four waves of data collection involving personal face-to-face interviews and police record searches for DUI rearrest. The results of this study, the first comprehensive study of interlock devices known to the investigators, will have direct policy implications both for states passing formal legislation authorizing judges to use this equipment in DUI sentencing and for local judges using interlock programs.