SEXUAL RISK TAKING, ALCOHOL, AND HIV PREVENTION IN YOUTH

申请人摘要：拟议的研究旨在增加 理解感觉寻求和决策之间的关系- 制作过程，酒精使用和危险的性行为， 青少年。根据以前对这些过程的研究，我们 建议发展和测试更有效的大众媒体和学校 干预措施。拟议的研究将审查联合关系 寻求刺激（即，寻找高唤醒的情况）， 冲动决策（即，做出快速的决定， 根据可能不“合理”的因素， 冒险行为，特别是饮酒和其他药物使用之前或期间 一次性接触根据我们之前的研究，我们预计 追求刺激和冲动的学龄学生 决策者（HSS/IDM）将特别难以使用 传统的技能型课堂课程。这些课程是基于 理性决策的模型，并没有充分关注 酒精在性活动中的作用，或对交替高感觉 以取代那些将被削减或取消的活动。课程 也可能没有足够的快节奏和新颖性，以保持高 感觉寻求者的注意力。因此，我们建议开发一种基于无线电的 针对HSS/IDM个人的媒体宣传活动， 他们对校本课程的兴趣开始之前， 在课程实施过程中。我们亦建议加强 校本课程要满足学生的特殊情感追求， HSS/IDM个人的决策需求，包括 HSS/IDM个体的可能行为，以及 介绍自己。增强版将包括更大的新奇， 更多的参与和更快的速度。干预将在 一项为期三年的实验设计， 肯塔基州的路易斯维尔和俄亥俄州的克利夫兰。它将包括主要的 第一年的干预和第二年的加强干预 第二年和第三年，以扩大干预措施的影响， 许多高中生进入性活动的时期 参与者在此期间将进行多次随访评估。 为了衡量媒体的影响， 以课堂为基础的干预，无论是独立的还是联合的。 拟议项目的具体目标是： 如何使用酒精，寻求刺激，冲动决策，和冒险 性行为与高中年龄段的青少年有关， 评估相关社会和心理调解的重要性 变量;通过重点小组和反应小组发展无线电公共服务 公告（公益广告）和增强版的技能型课堂 这将吸引人们的注意力，并增加 艾滋病毒对HSS/IDM青少年的突出性;并评估联合影响 一个广播运动和一个加强的以技能为重点的基于课堂的艾滋病毒 对艾滋病感知风险、行为意图和酒精的干预 与性和其他性冒险行为一起使用。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: The proposed research is aimed at increasing understanding of the relationships among sensation seeking and decision- making processes, alcohol use, and risky sexual behaviors in adolescents. Drawing upon previous research into these processes, we propose to develop and test more effective mass media and school-based interventions. The proposed research will examine the joint relationship of sensation-seeking (i.e., seeking out high arousal situations) and impulsive decision-making (i.e., making quick decisions once in a situation, based on factors that may not be "rational") with sexual risk-taking, in particular, alcohol and other drug use before or during a sexual encounter. Based, on our previous research, we expect that high school-age students who are high on sensation-seeking and impulsive decision-makers (HSS/IDM) will be particularly difficult to reach using conventional skills-based classroom curricula. These curricula are based on models of rational decision-making and do not sufficiently focus on the role of alcohol in sexual activities, or on alternate high-sensation activities to replace those to be reduced or eliminated. The curricula may also not be sufficiently fast-paced and novel to hold the high sensation seeker's attention. Thus, we propose to develop a radio-based media campaign with messages targeted to HSS/IDM individuals to increase their interest in the school-based program before the beginning of and during the implementation of the curriculum. We also propose to enhance the school-based curriculum to meet the special sensation-seeking and decision-making needs of the HSS/IDM individuals, both in terms of their likely behaviors as HSS/IDM individuals and in the method of presentation itself. The enhanced version will include greater novelty, more involvement, and a faster pace. The intervention will occur within an experimental design over a three-year period in school systems in Louisville, Kentucky and Cleveland, Ohio. It will consist of the main intervention in the first year and booster interventions within the second and third years, to augment the impact of the intervention during the period of entry into sexual activity of many of the high school-aged participants. Multiple follow-up assessments will occur during the three-year time interval in order to measure the impact of media and classroom-based interventions both independently and jointly. Specific aims of the proposed project are to: delineate more precisely how alcohol use, sensation-seeking, impulsive decision-making, and risky sexual behaviors are related among high school-aged adolescents, and assess the importance of relevant social and psychological mediating variables; develop, via focus and reaction groups, radio public service announcements (PSAs) and an enhanced version of a skills-based classroom intervention that will attract the attention of and increase the salience of HIV for HSS/IDM adolescents; and to assess the joint impact of a radio campaign and an enhanced skill-focused classroom-based HIV intervention on perceived risk of HIV, behavioral intentions, and alcohol use with sex and other sexual risk-taking behaviors.