FUNCTIONS OF MULTIPLE ARM-HAND AREAS OF MOTOR CORTEX

运动皮层多个手臂区域的功能

• 批准号: 3415540
• 负责人: Donald R. Humphrey
• 金额: $ 21.87万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-02-01 至 1994-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3415540
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; arm; assistive device /technology; brain electronic stimulator; brain mapping; electrophysiology; hand; implant; laboratory rat; microelectrodes; motor cortex; muscle contraction; neuroanatomy; psychomotor tracking; skeletal prosthesis

Recent research has established that the arm is represented at multiple sites in the motor areas of primate cerebral cortex. In particular, we have discovered four separate representations of major muscles of the arm in the MI motor cortex of the rhesus monkey, with the use of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) methods. Each representation is biased, however, toward muscles which act principally about a particular joint. We propose, therefore, that each representation is specialized for the control of movements about a particular joint, but that each can also generate the muscle synergies that are needed along the arm for mechanical support of the movement. We propose also that these MI arm areas can be altered by motor experience and by the state of adjacent arm areas, thus participating in motor learning and in recovery from local cortical injury. Finally, we propose that the several arm areas outside of MI are specialized for arm- hand control under specific stimulus and motivational conditions. To test these hypotheses, we will use chronically implanted multi-electrode systems to observe multiunit activity simultaneously in the four arm areas of MI. We will observe the distributions of neural activity across these areas during controlled movements about different joints in the arm, during the learning of these movements, and during recovery from a lesion in an adjacent MI arm area. Repeated ICMS mapping through the same electrodes will be used to detect related changes in the spatial properties of each representation. Finally, we will implant electrodes in several arm-hand areas in addition to MI, and examine the constellations of zones that 'light up' under different stimulus and motivational conditions. These experiments will provide important new observations on the distribution of activity across a distributed motor cortical network during well defined behaviors, with a resolution in both time and space that surpasses that of the best current imaging systems. The results will extend our understanding of the functions of multiple representation in motor systems, and the relations of different motor areas to various implications for programs aimed at developing neurally controlled prostheses for the handicapped.

最近的研究已经确定，手臂在多个 灵长类动物大脑皮层运动区的位置。 我们尤其 发现了手臂主要肌肉的四种不同表现形式 在恒河猴的MI运动皮质中，使用皮质内 微刺激（ICMS）方法。 然而，每一种表述都是有偏见的， 主要作用于特定关节的肌肉。 我们提议， 因此，每个表示都是专门用于控制 每个人都可以围绕特定的关节运动，但每个人也可以产生 肌肉协同作用，需要沿着手臂的机械支持， 运动。 我们还建议，这些MI臂区域可以通过以下方式改变： 运动体验和相邻手臂区域的状态，从而参与 在运动学习和局部皮质损伤的恢复方面。 最后我们 建议MI之外的几个手臂区域专门用于手臂- 在特定刺激和激励条件下的手控制。 为了验证这些假设，我们将使用长期植入的多电极 同时观察四个手臂区域多单位活动的系统 的MI。 我们将观察神经活动在这些区域的分布， 在手臂不同关节的受控运动期间， 这些运动的学习，以及在从病变中恢复的过程中， 邻近MI臂区。 通过相同电极重复ICMS标测 将用于检测每个空间属性的相关变化 表示. 最后，我们将植入电极在几个手臂-手 除MI外，还包括其他区域，并检查 在不同的刺激和动机条件下“点亮”。 这些实验将提供重要的新的观察 活动在分布式运动皮层网络中的分布 明确定义的行为，在时间和空间上都有一个分辨率， 超过了目前最好的成像系统。 结果将 扩展我们对多重表征功能的理解， 运动系统，以及不同运动区域与各种 对旨在开发神经控制的项目的影响 残疾人的假肢