The Genetic Structure of Natural Populations Past and Present

过去和现在自然种群的遗传结构

• 批准号: 7732873
• 负责人: STEPHEN J O'BRIEN
• 金额: $ 129.75万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7732873
• 关键词: Africa; Alpaca; Animal Model; Animals; Asia; Asians; Biological; Candidate Disease Gene; Collection; Communicable Diseases; Condition; Development; Disease; Domestic Animals; Elephants; Evolution; Family; Family Felidae; Felis catus; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Structures; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Hereditary Disease; Human; Human Genetics; Individual; Infection; Inherited; Knowledge; Link; Modeling; Pattern; Phylogenetic Analysis; Phylogeny; Population; Primates; Process; Radiation Hybrid Map; Radiation Hybrid Mapping; Range; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Research; Sampling; Screening procedure; Study models; Testing; Ungulate; Virus; comparative; experience; gene discovery; genome sequencing; health economics; human disease; interest; novel; reconstruction; sex; tool; trait

Exotic species have demonstrated their utility as models for the study of a wide range of hereditary and infectious diseases and physical traits. However, to fully interpret the results of these studies, it is necessary to understand their evolutionary history. This involves not only a more precise description of the phylogenetic relationships among species, but also an assessment of the uniqueness among wild populations and knowledge of historic patterns of gene flow. Our primary animal model has been the domestic cat and their exotic relatives and wild populations. As a crucial step in this process, we have developed the foremost collection of biological samples from captive and wild populations of cats, which has provided the theoretical and conceptual framework for our research. The recently-released whole genome sequence of the domestic cat has provided an important tool for our research and is greatly accelerating the pace of gene discovery and comparative genomic inference. The recently completed description of the evolution of the cat family will also facilitate more detailed study of selection and gene evolution among felid species and populations. Our comparative genomic studies are expanding to include the primate, camelid, and pangolin families. We will complete development of an RH map of the alpaca in 2006 which will facilitate the study of candidate genes for inherited diseases in camelids and related ungulate species, including several related to human disorders. Study of the pangolin, a group of species distributed in Africa and Asia and the closest relatives to carnivores, will provide good models for comparative genomic studies among these increasingly well-studied groups. A comprehensive phylogeny, linked with precise estimates of when and where different groups diverged will greatly enhance our ability to interpret human genetic variation in the context of human evolutionary history. Our research on primates, camelids, pangolins will be increasingly important given the inclusion of both the alpaca and the pangolin on the short list of species for low-coverage, whole-genome-sequencing. Our experience in comparative genomics and infectious disease is also being used to develop and test a model for the screening of animals being trafficed in wildlife trade for disease agents. The increasing contact of humans and domestic animals with wildlife has created conditions that have increased the likelihood of emerging diseases being spread that would have significant health and economic impact.

外来物种已经证明了它们作为研究广泛的遗传和传染病以及身体特征的模型的效用。然而，为了充分解释这些研究结果，有必要了解它们的进化史。这不仅需要更精确地描述物种之间的系统发育关系，还需要对野生种群的独特性进行评估，并了解基因流动的历史模式。我们的主要动物模型是家猫和它们的外来亲戚以及野生种群。作为这一过程的关键一步，我们从圈养和野生猫种群中收集了最重要的生物样本，这为我们的研究提供了理论和概念框架。最近公布的家猫全基因组序列为我们的研究提供了重要的工具，极大地加快了基因发现和比较基因组推断的步伐。最近完成的对猫科动物进化的描述也将有助于更详细地研究猫科动物物种和种群之间的选择和基因进化。我们的比较基因组研究正在扩大到包括灵长类动物、骆驼和穿山甲家族。我们将在2006年完成羊驼RH图谱的开发，这将有助于研究骆驼类和相关有蹄类物种遗传疾病的候选基因，包括一些与人类疾病有关的基因。穿山甲是一种分布在非洲和亚洲的物种，是食肉动物的近亲，对穿山甲的研究将为这些研究日益深入的群体之间的比较基因组研究提供良好的模型。一个全面的系统发育，与不同群体何时何地分化的精确估计相联系，将大大提高我们在人类进化史背景下解释人类遗传变异的能力。考虑到羊驼和穿山甲都被列入低覆盖率全基因组测序的物种名单，我们对灵长类动物、骆驼类和穿山甲的研究将变得越来越重要。我们在比较基因组学和传染病方面的经验也被用于开发和测试一种模型，用于筛选在野生动物贸易中被贩运的动物。人类和家畜与野生动物越来越多的接触创造了条件，增加了新出现的疾病传播的可能性，这将对健康和经济产生重大影响。

项目成果

Clouded leopard phylogeny revisited: support for species recognition and population division between Borneo and Sumatra.

• DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-4-15
• 发表时间: 2007-05-29
• 期刊: Frontiers in zoology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Wilting A;Buckley-Beason VA;Feldhaar H;Gadau J;O'Brien SJ;Linsenmair KE
• 通讯作者: Linsenmair KE

The adaptive evolution of the mammalian mitochondrial genome.

• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-119
• 发表时间: 2008-03-04
• 期刊: BMC GENOMICS
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: da Fonseca, Rute R.;Johnson, Warren E.;O'Brien, Stephen J.;Ramos, Maria Joao;Antunes, Agostinho
• 通讯作者: Antunes, Agostinho

Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris).

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442
• 发表时间: 2004-12
• 期刊: PLoS biology
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Luo SJ;Kim JH;Johnson WE;van der Walt J;Martenson J;Yuhki N;Miquelle DG;Uphyrkina O;Goodrich JM;Quigley HB;Tilson R;Brady G;Martelli P;Subramaniam V;McDougal C;Hean S;Huang SQ;Pan W;Karanth UK;Sunquist M;Smith JL;O'Brien SJ
• 通讯作者: O'Brien SJ