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The role of cortical and subcortical β-bursts in the cognitive control of human movement

皮质和皮质下β爆发在人类运动认知控制中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10605173
负责人：
Jan R Wessel
金额：
$ 34.24万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Abstract Activity in the β-frequency band (15-29Hz) is a highly prominent feature of neural recordings found across species, recording techniques, and spatial scales. Changes in β-activity are particularly prominent during motor processes. Movement-related β-activity can be observed in the cortical areas of the pyramidal motor system, as well as in the subcortical areas of the extrapyramidal motor system. Pathological β-activity is a hallmark of movement disorders, most prominently of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Indeed, β-activity is used both as a neurophysiological marker of disease progression in PD and as a target in newly developed, cutting-edge treatment methods such as closed-loop adaptive neurostimulation. However, recent studies in non-human animals have cast a fundamental layer of doubt on the nature of this neural signal and its relationship to behavior. Past studies of β-activity have focused on averaged changes of signal-power across time (or across trials of a task), as is typical in neurophysiological studies. What recent studies have shown, however, is that unaveraged β-band activity is not characterized by the type of steady (de)synchronizations of activity that are found in the average. Instead, β is characterized by short, transient, burst-like `events'. The burst-like nature of this signal, however, is lost in the average – and along with it, the systematic relationships that can be found between dynamics of these β-burst events and motor control on individual trials. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate how burst-like β-events relate to both normal and pathological motor control in humans. We here propose a detailed, systematic investigation of this relationship. In an extensive pilot investigation, we have found that both human movement initiation and movement cancellation are accompanied by highly specific and systematic patterns of non-invasively recorded β-bursts. This suggests the overarching hypothesis that β- bursts are a universal signature that signify inhibitory processes in the motor system. The work in this grant proposal aims to systematically test this guiding hypothesis by linking specific patterns of β-bursts to established theoretical models of motor inhibition in the human brain, by investigating the origins of movement-related β- bursts in both cortical and subcortical regions that constitute the human motor system, and by providing causal evidence for the role of β-bursts in conveying inhibitory motor control commands across the motor system.

摘要 β频段(15-29赫兹)的活动是神经记录的一个非常显著的特征物种、记录技术和空间尺度。β活性的变化在运动过程中尤为明显流程。与运动相关的β活性可在锥体运动系统的皮质区域观察到，如锥体外系运动系统的皮质下区域也是如此。病理性β活性是运动障碍，最突出的帕金森氏病(PD)。事实上，β-Activity既被用作帕金森病病情进展的神经生理学标记物及其作为新开发的前沿研究的靶点治疗方法有闭环式适应性神经刺激等。然而，最近对非人类动物的研究使人们对这种现象的性质产生了基本的怀疑神经信号及其与行为的关系。过去对β活性的研究主要集中在在神经生理学研究中，信号--跨越时间(或一项任务的试验)的能量。什么最近的？然而，研究表明，未平均的β带活动并不是以稳定的类型为特征的 (去同步)在平均值中找到的活动的同步。相反，β的特点是短暂、短暂、突发事件式的‘事件’。然而，这种信号的突发式性质在平均值中消失了--与它一起，在这些β-Burst事件的动力学和电机控制之间可以找到的系统关系个人审判。因此，迫切需要研究类似猝发的β事件如何与这两种正常事件相关以及人类的病态运动控制。我们在这里建议对这种关系进行详细、系统的调查。在一项广泛的试点调查中，我们研究发现，人类运动的启动和取消都伴随着高度的特异性以及非侵入性记录的β爆发的系统模式。这表明最重要的假设是β- 猝发是一种普遍的信号，表示运动系统中的抑制过程。这笔赠款中的工作一项提案旨在通过将特定的β-Burst模式与已建立的人类大脑中运动抑制的理论模型，通过研究运动相关β的起源- 构成人体运动系统的皮质和皮质下区域的爆裂，并通过提供原因 β-Burst在整个马达系统中传递抑制马达控制命令的作用的证据。