Motoric stopping as an intervention to reduce the value of rewarding stimuli

运动停止作为降低奖励刺激价值的干预措施

• 批准号: 8702433
• 负责人: Jan R Wessel
• 金额: $ 11.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8702433
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Affective; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Cigarette Smoker; Cognitive; Cognitive Therapy; Data; Drug abuse; Individual; Intervention; Learning; Measures; Motor; Motor Evoked Potentials; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Physiological; Procedures; Process; Publishing; Reaction Time; Research; Rewards; Running; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Smoker; Smoking; Speed; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Time; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Translating; abstracting; base; distraction; indexing; nicotine craving; psychologic; public health relevance; research study; response; reward processing; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over-valuation of drug-associated stimuli is a central psychological component of substance abuse. Changing these valuation patterns is key for cognitive-behavioral interventions targeted at treating drug abuse. Yet, such interventions focused on stimulus-devaluation have shown limited success, perhaps because no clear-cut mechanism has been established that reliably leads to stimulus devaluation. Our preliminary data show that stopping motor actions towards rewarding stimuli leads to a reduction in stimulus valuation. Here we will investigate the mechanisms underlying this compelling effect and we will also examine if stopping-related devaluation decreases nicotine urges in smokers. To investigate the underlying mechanisms we will perform behavioral experiments with control conditions to examine if the effect is due to stopping per se, or to other factors such as distraction and effort. We hypothesize that the devaluation effects are specific to stopping action, so no devaluation should be found in the control experiments. We further suppose that the way in which stopping action affects devaluation is by means of stopping-induced global suppression. We will index global suppression by using transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure the suppression of task-irrelevant motor effectors when participants stop their action. We hypothesize that the amount of global suppression that occurs when people stop will correspond with the amount of stimulus devaluation that occurs. Finally, we will run a behavioral experiment to determine if this stopping paradigm can be leveraged to try to reduce smoking urges in heavy smokers. Overall, this project could help to determine the exact psychological mechanism underlying stopping-induced devaluation and it could provide proof-of-concept data in smokers of the efficacy of this behavioral intervention.

描述（由申请人提供）：对药物相关刺激的过度评价是药物滥用的核心心理组成部分。改变这些评价模式是针对治疗药物滥用的认知行为干预的关键。然而，这种以刺激贬值为重点的干预措施取得的成功有限，也许是因为尚未建立可靠导致刺激贬值的明确机制。我们的初步数据表明，停止对奖励刺激的运动动作导致刺激价值的降低。在这里，我们将研究这种强制性效应背后的机制，我们还将研究戒烟相关的贬值是否会降低吸烟者的尼古丁冲动。为了研究潜在的机制，我们将在控制条件下进行行为实验，以检查这种效果是由于停止本身，还是由于其他因素，如分心和努力。我们假设，贬值效应是特定于停止行动，所以没有贬值应在控制实验中发现。我们进一步假设，停止行动影响贬值的方式是通过停止引起的全球抑制。我们将使用经颅磁刺激来测量当参与者停止他们的动作时与任务无关的运动效应器的抑制，从而索引全局抑制。我们假设，当人们停止时发生的全球抑制量将与发生的刺激贬值量相对应。最后，我们将进行一项行为实验，以确定是否可以利用这种停止模式来减少重度吸烟者的吸烟冲动。总的来说，该项目可以帮助确定戒烟诱导贬值的确切心理机制，并可以为吸烟者提供这种行为干预的有效性的概念验证数据。