Myosin-mediated organelle trafficking in plants

肌球蛋白介导的植物细胞器运输

• 批准号: 7945292
• 负责人: VALERIAN V. DOLJA
• 金额: $ 27.78万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7945292
• 关键词: Actomyosin; Address; Animals; Arabidopsis; Area; Binding; Binding Sites; Bioinformatics; Biological Process; Biotechnology; Cell Size; Cells; Cellular Structures; Cellular biology; Data; Development; Dominant-Negative Mutation; Employee Strikes; Engineering; Eukaryotic Cell; Evolution; Family; Fiber; Food; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Golgi Apparatus; Hair Root; Human; Inherited; Knowledge; Maps; Mediating; Medicine; Mitochondria; Molecular Motors; Motion; Motor; Movement; Muscle; Myosin ATPase; Myosin Type V; Nutritional; Organelles; Organism; Pharmacy (field); Phenotype; Physiological; Plant Model; Plants; Play; Positioning Attribute; Production; Productivity; Proteomics; RNA Interference; Reporter; Research; Resources; Role; Site; System; Tail; Technology; Time; Vascular Plant; Virus Diseases; Yeasts; abstracting; biological systems; cell motility; design; empowered; fungus; genetic manipulation; improved; insight; knockout gene; mutant; novel; peroxisome; plant growth/development; receptor; tool; trafficking

Myosins are the molecular motors essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells. In particular, non-muscular class V myosins are required for the inheritance, positioning, and transport of organelles in yeast, animals, and humans, whereas plants possess closely related class XI myosins. We have demonstrated that plant myosins empower trafficking of the Golgi stacks, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Furthermore, we have discovered novel myosin functions in Factin organization, overall cell expansion, polarized cell elongation, and growth of an entire organism. Our proposal is developed to address the mechanisms of these fundamental myosindependent processes relevant to broad areas of eukaryotic cell biology and medicine. We have established plants as an advanced model for studying myosin functions in the higher eukaryotes and generated tools and technologies required for the successful completion of the project. Our preliminary research highlighted striking parallels in myosin functions between plants and vertebrates. Therefore, we are uniquely positioned to complete the research under two Specific Aims that do not depend on each other, but rather have a synergistic nature. Aim 1. To determine roles of myosins in cell growth and polarized elongation. This will be done via investigation of the cell structure and dynamics in multiple knockout mutants. The correlation analysis of the myosin activities in F-actin organization, organelle trafficking, overall cell expansion, elongation of polarized cells, as well as plant growth and development will be used to advance a testable mechanistic model. Aim 2. To investigate mechanisms that control cargo recognition by the myosins. The organelle-specific myosin receptors and associated regulatory proteins will be identified using imaging-based genetic screens and bioinformatics. The functions of the receptor complex components will be determined using phenotypic analysis of null mutants. Together with Aim 1, this analysis will substantially contribute to the development of a general mechanistic model of the myosin-driven cell interior dynamics. The proposed research will take advantage of the extensive genomic, bioinformatics, and cell biology resources available for a model plant Arabidopsis. Our studies into the myosin function in organelle transport, F-actin organization, polarized cell elongation, and determination of the organism size and reproductive success have opened a new research avenue. The conceptual and technical advances developed in Arabidopsis model will inform and facilitate the progress in the vertebrate models. Due to increasing impact on human health and disease, from memory formation and neurological disorders to fatal defects in cell differentiation to viral infection, the health-related implications of the myosin research in all eukaryotic models including Arabidopsis are certain to grow.

肌球蛋白是真核细胞生存所必需的分子马达。尤其， 非肌肉 V 类肌球蛋白是遗传、定位和运输所必需的 酵母、动物和人类中存在细胞器，而植物则具有密切相关的 XI 类细胞器 肌球蛋白。我们已经证明植物肌球蛋白能够促进高尔基体堆栈的运输， 过氧化物酶体和线粒体。此外，我们还发现了新的肌球蛋白功能 肌动蛋白组织、整体细胞扩张、极化细胞伸长和整个细胞的生长 生物。我们的提案旨在解决这些基本问题的机制 肌球独立过程与真核细胞生物学和医学的广泛领域相关。 我们建立了植物作为研究高等植物中肌球蛋白功能的先进模型 真核生物以及成功完成所需的生成工具和技术 项目。我们的初步研究强调了肌球蛋白功能的惊人相似之处 植物和脊椎动物。因此，我们具有独特的优势来完成以下研究： 两个具体目标并不相互依赖，而是具有协同作用。 目标 1. 确定肌球蛋白在细胞生长和极化伸长中的作用。这将是 通过研究多个敲除突变体的细胞结构和动力学来完成。这 F-肌动蛋白组织中肌球蛋白活性、细胞器运输、 整体细胞扩张、极化细胞伸长以及植物生长和发育 将用于推进可测试的机械模型。 目标 2. 研究控制肌球蛋白识别货物的机制。这 将鉴定细胞器特异性肌球蛋白受体和相关调节蛋白 使用基于成像的遗传筛选和生物信息学。受体的功能 复杂的成分将通过无效突变体的表型分析来确定。一起 就目标 1 而言，该分析将极大地有助于制定通用的 肌球蛋白驱动的细胞内部动力学的机制模型。 拟议的研究将利用广泛的基因组学、生物信息学和细胞学 可用于模式植物拟南芥的生物学资源。我们对肌球蛋白的研究 在细胞器运输、F-肌动蛋白组织、极化细胞伸长等方面的功能 确定生物体大小和繁殖成功开启了一项新的研究 大街。拟南芥模型开发的概念和技术进步将告知 并促进脊椎动物模型的进展。由于对人类的影响越来越大 健康和疾病，从记忆形成和神经系统疾病到致命的细胞缺陷 与病毒感染的区别，肌球蛋白研究对所有健康相关的影响 包括拟南芥在内的真核模型肯定会生长。