Improved Batteries for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators

描述(申请人提供)：植入式心脏除颤器(ICD)的需求不断增长，2004年植入了超过10万台设备，由于联邦医疗保险扩大了适应症和覆盖范围，预计未来十年将大幅增加。人们对这些救生设备的接受程度越来越高，这增加了人们对改进ICD功能的渴望。ICD患者植入后的平均寿命已增加到10年，而装置的平均寿命约为5年。因此，大多数患者需要额外的手术来更换他们原来的设备，从而导致临床风险和成本。目前的基准电源技术是20年前开发的锂银钒氧化物(Li/SVO；)。Li/SVO电池技术可以表现出称为电压延迟的中年性能显着下降。这种电压延迟是阴极溶解和阳极上相关钝化膜形成的结果，由于治疗交付的延迟，导致许多患者在2.5至3年的时间点过早植入设备。除了计划外手术的额外费用，过早植入设备可能会造成患者焦虑。用于解决LI/SVO电压延迟的选项会导致电池寿命缩短。该项目的总体目标是通过展示可用于延长ICD电池寿命和提高一致性的新的优质正极材料，用基础科学来解决这个问题。该项目有三个具体目标：1)开发一种新型的基于MWM‘xPyOz(MM’PO)系列金属-金属-磷-氧化物(M=银或铜；M‘=钒或铁)的ICD应用的改进型电池材料，2)在模拟ICD功能的模拟使用方案下测试实验电池中的材料，以及3)将长期稳定性(缺乏溶解性和电压延迟)、能量传递和能量含量的关键特性与当前的电池基准技术(Li/SVO)进行比较。所提出的活性涉及一类新材料MM‘POS的合成、表征和电化学。我们假设MM‘POS将根据其基本化学性质改善ICD电池的性能：与类似的氧化物化合物相比，基于磷酸盐的材料的溶解度降低；高电压的钒或铁化合物产生高水平的能量传递；以及在基质中加入银或铜离子以提供高体积能量含量。公共卫生相关性：植入式心脏除颤器(ICD)是监测和纠正异常心律的救生设备，已成为越来越多人接受的治疗选择。该项目的目标是创造一种新的材料类别(MM‘PO)，并展示它们相对于目前ICD电池基准正极材料的优势。最终，我们的MM‘POS将延长ICD电池的寿命并提高其一致性，从而减少设备更换的频率以及对患者和医疗成本的相关负面影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is an ever growing demand for implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), with over 100,000 devices implanted in 2004, and dramatic increases anticipated over the next decade due to expanded indications and coverage by Medicare. The growing level of acceptance of these lives- saving devices has increased the desire for improved ICD function. The lifetime of the average ICD patient after implant has increased to 10 years while the average device lifetime is around 5 years. Thus, most patients require additional surgeries to replace their original device, resulting in both clinical risk and cost. The current benchmark power source technology is lithium/silver vanadium oxide (Li/SVO) developed >20 years ago. Li/SVO battery technology can display a significant midlife decrease in performance termed voltage delay. This voltage delay, a result of cathode solubility and the associated formation of a passivation film on the anode, has caused premature device explants for numerous patients at the 2.5 to 3 year point due to delays in therapy delivery. Along with the added expense of the unplanned surgery, premature device explant can create patient anxiety. Options employed to `work around' Li/SVO voltage delay lead to shortened battery life. The overall project goal is to solve this problem with fundamental science by demonstrating new superior cathode materials that could be used to extend the life and improve the consistency of ICD batteries. The proposed project has three specific objectives: 1) develop a new class of improved battery materials for ICD applications based on metal-metal-phosphorous-oxides of the MwM'xPyOz (MM'PO) family (M = silver or copper; M' = vanadium or iron), 2) test the materials in experimental batteries under simulated use schemes mimicking ICD function, and 3) compare the key characteristics of long term stability (lack of solubility and voltage delay), energy delivery, and energy content with the current battery benchmark technology (Li/SVO). The proposed activity involves the synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of a new family of materials, MM'POs. We hypothesize that MM'POs will have improved ICD battery performance based on their fundamental chemical properties: reduced solubility of phosphate based materials compared to analogous oxide compounds, high voltage of vanadium or iron compounds yielding high levels of energy delivery, and the inclusion of silver or copper ions in the matrix to provide high volumetric energy content. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) are lifesaving devices which monitor and correct abnormal heart rhythms and have become an increasingly accepted treatment option. The project goal is to create a new class of materials (MM'POs) and demonstrate their superiority to the current benchmark cathode materials for ICD batteries. Ultimately, our MM'POs will extend the life and improve the consistency of ICD batteries, reducing the frequency of device replacements and the associated negative impact on patients and healthcare costs.