Improved Batteries for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators

描述（由申请人提供）：对植入式心脏除颤器（ICD）的需求不断增长，2004年植入了超过100，000件器械，由于医疗保险的适应症和覆盖范围扩大，预计在未来十年内将大幅增加。对这些救生设备的接受程度的提高增加了对改进ICD功能的期望。植入后ICD患者的平均寿命增加到10年，而器械的平均寿命约为5年。因此，大多数患者需要额外的手术来更换他们的原始设备，从而导致临床风险和成本。目前的基准电源技术是20多年前开发的锂/银钒氧化物（Li/SVO）。Li/SVO电池技术可能会在性能方面显示出显著的中期下降，称为电压延迟。这种电压延迟是阴极溶解性和阳极上钝化膜相关形成的结果，由于治疗输送延迟，导致许多患者在2.5 - 3年时过早取出器械。沿着计划外手术的额外费用，过早取出器械会引起患者焦虑。用于“解决”Li/SVO电压延迟的选项导致电池寿命缩短。该项目的总体目标是通过展示新的上级阴极材料来解决这个问题，这些材料可用于延长ICD电池的寿命并提高其一致性。该项目有三个具体目标：1）开发一种新的基于MwM'xPyOz（MM'PO）族金属-金属-磷氧化物的ICD应用的改进电池材料（M =银或铜; M ′ =钒或铁），2）在模拟ICD功能的模拟使用方案下测试实验电池中的材料，以及3）将长期稳定性（缺乏溶解性和电压延迟）、能量输送和能量含量的关键特性与当前电池基准技术（Li/SVO）进行比较。拟议的活动涉及一个新的材料家族-MM'PO的合成、表征和电化学。我们假设，基于其基本化学性质，MM'PO将具有改善的ICD电池性能：与类似的氧化物化合物相比，基于磷酸盐的材料的溶解度降低，钒或铁化合物的高电压产生高水平的能量递送，以及在基质中包含银或铜离子以提供高体积能量含量。公共卫生相关性：植入式心脏复律器（ICD）是一种监测和纠正异常心律的救生设备，已成为越来越多人接受的治疗选择。该项目的目标是创建一类新的材料（MM'PO），并证明其优于当前ICD电池的基准阴极材料。最终，我们的MM'PO将延长ICD电池的使用寿命并提高其一致性，降低设备更换频率以及对患者和医疗保健成本的相关负面影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is an ever growing demand for implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), with over 100,000 devices implanted in 2004, and dramatic increases anticipated over the next decade due to expanded indications and coverage by Medicare. The growing level of acceptance of these lives- saving devices has increased the desire for improved ICD function. The lifetime of the average ICD patient after implant has increased to 10 years while the average device lifetime is around 5 years. Thus, most patients require additional surgeries to replace their original device, resulting in both clinical risk and cost. The current benchmark power source technology is lithium/silver vanadium oxide (Li/SVO) developed >20 years ago. Li/SVO battery technology can display a significant midlife decrease in performance termed voltage delay. This voltage delay, a result of cathode solubility and the associated formation of a passivation film on the anode, has caused premature device explants for numerous patients at the 2.5 to 3 year point due to delays in therapy delivery. Along with the added expense of the unplanned surgery, premature device explant can create patient anxiety. Options employed to `work around' Li/SVO voltage delay lead to shortened battery life. The overall project goal is to solve this problem with fundamental science by demonstrating new superior cathode materials that could be used to extend the life and improve the consistency of ICD batteries. The proposed project has three specific objectives: 1) develop a new class of improved battery materials for ICD applications based on metal-metal-phosphorous-oxides of the MwM'xPyOz (MM'PO) family (M = silver or copper; M' = vanadium or iron), 2) test the materials in experimental batteries under simulated use schemes mimicking ICD function, and 3) compare the key characteristics of long term stability (lack of solubility and voltage delay), energy delivery, and energy content with the current battery benchmark technology (Li/SVO). The proposed activity involves the synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of a new family of materials, MM'POs. We hypothesize that MM'POs will have improved ICD battery performance based on their fundamental chemical properties: reduced solubility of phosphate based materials compared to analogous oxide compounds, high voltage of vanadium or iron compounds yielding high levels of energy delivery, and the inclusion of silver or copper ions in the matrix to provide high volumetric energy content. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) are lifesaving devices which monitor and correct abnormal heart rhythms and have become an increasingly accepted treatment option. The project goal is to create a new class of materials (MM'POs) and demonstrate their superiority to the current benchmark cathode materials for ICD batteries. Ultimately, our MM'POs will extend the life and improve the consistency of ICD batteries, reducing the frequency of device replacements and the associated negative impact on patients and healthcare costs.