Multisensory integration of faces and voices in the primate temporal lobe

灵长类颞叶面部和声音的多感官整合

• 批准号: 7879977
• 负责人: Asif Ghazanfar
• 金额: $ 33.21万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7879977
• 关键词: Address; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Characteristics; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Cues; Data; Detection; Discrimination; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Face; Facial Expression; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Funding; Goals; Grant; Head; Human; Impairment; Individual; Infant; Jordan; Judgment; Lateral; Linguistics; Literature; Macaca; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Mind; Modality; Monkeys; Movement; Neurons; Oral cavity; Pattern; Posture; Primates; Process; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Source; Speech; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Visual; Voice; Work; member; multisensory; neural circuit; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; programs; relating to nervous system; response; social; social cognition; social group; social integration; speech recognition; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many primate species, including humans, appear to be specialized for complex social behavior. Abundant behavioral evidence demonstrates that primates understand the consequences of their own behavior, to infer the likely behavior of other individuals, and to compute the balance of advantages and losses from potential social interactions. These computations are mediated by a specialized suite of visual and auditory communication signals. Such specialized signaling systems depend on specialized and dedicated neural circuitry. The long-term goal of this grant is to understand how social information from different sensory modalities is combined into a unified percept by the primate brain. Among human and nonhuman primates, faces and voices are the primary means of transmitting social signals. These visual and auditory signals can be integrated to enhance detection and discrimination. The major aim of this research, therefore, is to understand how dynamic facial expressions are integrated with vocal expressions in the auditory and multisensory regions of the cerebral cortex. By examining 1) the temporal relationships between auditory and visual signals, 2) the role of facial movement, and 3) the ability of primates to use these signals to make sophisticated judgments about the physical characteristics of social group members, we hope to uncover principles of visual-auditory neuronal interactions related to social cognition in the temporal lobe. Despite the fact that dysfunction of homologous systems in humans probably contributes to a variety of debilitating mental disorders, these mechanisms remain relatively unexplored by neurobiologists. Thus, the goals of this research have direct relevance to communication disorders in general and autism in particular. The hallmark of autism is an inability to behave in a socially-appropriate manner. Autistics are "mind blind"-they do not process the relevant sensory cues necessary for normal social interactions with other individuals. In part at least, this deficit is likely due to the autistics' specific impairment in face and voice processing, but not in other domains of visual and auditory function.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多灵长类动物，包括人类，似乎专门用于复杂的社会行为。大量的行为证据表明，灵长类动物理解自己行为的后果，推断其他人的可能行为，并计算潜在的社会互动中的优势和损失的平衡。这些计算是由专门的视觉和听觉通信信号介导的。这样的专业信号系统取决于专业和专用的神经回路。这笔赠款的长期目标是了解如何将来自不同感官方式的社会信息结合成灵长类动物的大脑的统一感知。在人类和非人类灵长类动物中，面孔和声音是传播社会信号的主要手段。这些视觉和听觉信号可以集成以增强检测和歧视。因此，这项研究的主要目的是了解如何将动态面部表情与大脑皮层的听觉和多感官区域中的人声表达相结合。通过检查1）听觉和视觉信号之间的时间关系，2）面部运动的作用，以及3）灵长类动物使用这些信号对社交群体成员的身体特征做出复杂的判断的能力，我们希望揭示与时间范围内与社交认知有关的视觉性神经元相互作用的原则。尽管人类同源系统的功能障碍可能导致了各种使人衰弱的精神障碍，但神经生物学家仍然没有探索这些机制。因此，这项研究的目标与一般和自闭症的沟通障碍直接相关。自闭症的标志是无法以社会适当的方式行事。自闭症是“心灵盲”的 - 他们没有处理与其他人正常社交互动所必需的相关感官提示。至少在某种程度上，这种赤字可能是由于自闭症在面部和语音处理中的特定损害，而不是在视觉和听觉功能的其他领域中。