Development of Bimodal Bilingualism

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请是对通知号no - od -09-058的回应，通知标题：NIH宣布为竞争性修订申请提供恢复法案资金。父母项目通过研究植入人工耳蜗的幼聋儿童（CI）和聋哑家庭的幼聋儿童（codas）的手语和口语来研究双模双语的发展。该研究使用纵向自发产生数据和对1岁，6个月和7岁儿童的实验任务来询问：早期接触手语和口语如何影响具有CI的手语聋儿的每种形态的发展？具有完全可访问输入的双峰双语者的语言发展是否受到与单峰双语者相似的限制？早期接受双峰输入的聋儿的语言发展在多大程度上类似于听力双峰双语者（codas）？我们通过对儿童语言和手语能力的考察来研究双峰双语的发展。由于美国手语没有公认的书写系统，手语研究人员通常依赖于一种修饰系统；然而，传统的转录并没有为每个符号分配一致的注释，而是根据上下文和符号话语的其他方面分配不同的注释。这意味着研究人员很难使用搜索功能来发现一个特定符号的所有出现，以确定文本中感兴趣的位置。分析必须以慢得多的速度进行，即一次一个话语地手动搜索文本。为了方便和扩展对家长项目中收集的数据的分析，竞争性复习应用程序建议开发一个ID gloss词典，其中包含我们正在学习的孩子最常用的词汇。标识符是系统地选择代表每个符号根的标签，因此符号的每次使用都有相同的标签，尽管上下文或形态差异会影响符号的解释方式。通过在我们的成绩单中使用ID注释，我们将能够使用更广泛的数据更有效地进行分析。提出的ID gloss词典将解决文本可搜索性问题，并极大地促进了对父项目中收集的数据的分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is in response to Notice Number NOT-OD-09-058, Notice Title: NIH Announces the Availability of Recovery Act Funds for Competitive Revision Applications. The parent project investigates the development of bimodal bilingualism by studying sign language and spoken language in young deaf children with a cochlear implant (CI) and young hearing children in deaf families (codas). The research uses both longitudinal spontaneous production data and experimental tasks with children between the ages of 1 year, 6 months and 7 years to ask: How does early exposure to Sign Language and spoken language affect development in each modality in signing deaf children with a CI? Is the language development of bimodal bilinguals with fully accessible input constrained in ways similar to that of unimodal bilinguals? To what extent does the linguistic development of deaf children with CIs who receive early bimodal input resemble that of hearing bimodal bilinguals (codas)? We study the development of bimodal bilingualism by examining children's linguistic abilities in speech and sign. Because there is no commonly accepted writing system for ASL, sign researchers generally rely on a system of glossing; however, traditional transcription does not assign a consistent gloss for each sign, but different glosses depending on context and other aspects of the signed utterance. This means that it is very difficult for researchers to identify the locations of interest in a transcript using a search function to discover all occurrences of a particular sign. Analysis must proceed at a much slower pace of handsearching transcripts one utterance at a time. In order to facilitate and expand the analysis of data collected in the parent project, the competitive revision application proposes the development of an ID gloss lexicon containing the vocabulary items used most frequently by the children we are studying. ID glosses are labels chosen to represent each sign root systematically, so that every use of the sign has the same label, despite contextual or morphological differences which affect how the sign is interpreted. By using ID glosses in our transcripts, we will be able to conduct our analyses more efficiently, using a wider range of data. The proposed ID gloss lexicon will address the problem of transcript searchability and greatly facilitate the analysis of data to be collected in the parent project. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project asks whether deaf children who have a cochlear implant can become bilingual in both spoken language and sign language in the same way that hearing children can become bilingual in speech and sign if their families use both languages. It is crucial for parents and educators to know about the ways in which this kind of bilingual situation can progress so that they can make informed choices. The competitive renewal supports this goal by making the analyses of child data more rapid and more accurate.