From Child Maltreatment to Adolescent Substance Abuse: Risks, Protective Factors

从虐待儿童到青少年药物滥用：风险、保护因素

• 批准号: 7894843
• 负责人: PENELOPE K TRICKETT
• 金额: $ 71.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7894843
• 关键词: 11 year old; Achievement; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Americas; Anxiety; Arousal; Attitude; Autonomic nervous system; Belief; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Cognitive; Competence; Complex; County; Development; Disease susceptibility; Drug abuse; Equilibrium; Ethnic Origin; Family; Female; Fright; Galvanic Skin Response; Gender; Health; Health behavior; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Knowledge; Latino; Learning; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Los Angeles; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; Outcome Study; Pain; Parent-Child Relations; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Play; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Preventive Intervention; Puberty; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Resistance; Risk; Role; Rural; Salivary; Sampling; Schools; Services; Sexual abuse; Social Problems; Staging; Stress; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Trauma; Youth; abuse neglect; adolescent substance abuse; alpha-amylase; anti social; base; design; early adolescence; emotional abuse; experience; follow-up; high risk sexual behavior; inner city; male; maltreated children; maltreatment; neglect; peer; physical abuse; premature; prospective; psychobiologic; psychosocial; resilience; self esteem; social; socioeconomics; suburb; theories; urban poverty area

Child abuse and neglect are huge social problems affecting millions of infants, children, and adolescents in America. Several decades of research indicate that experiencing abuse or neglect is associated with substance abuse and a variety of other problems, including anxiety and depression; aggression and delinquency; cognitive delays and school achievement problems; problems with interpersonal relationships; and health problems. We know little about the role of maltreatment in increasing the risk for substance use, and in particular have much to learn about the mechanisms that may be responsible for this association. What is proposed is the first prospective, longitudinal study to examine the relationship of different child maltreatment experiences, carefully measured, to adolescent substance abuse with an emphasis on the role that psychobiological dysregulation and timing of puberty may play in this relationship. A second focal adolescent outcome of this study is high-risk sexual behavior, which is commonly associated with substance abuse. Also unique to this study will be analyses that examine trajectories of psychosocial functioning from early adolescence, during the pubertal transition, to mid/late adolescence in order to examine different patterns of resilience and maladaptation. This proposed study is a follow-up of maltreated (N=303) and comparison (N=151) adolescents (47% female) at ages 16 and 17, first assessed at approximately 11 years of age. The samples form balanced subsets of Latino, African-American, and Caucasian maltreated and comparison children residing in the inner-city of Los Angeles. Maltreated children were recruited through the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (LACDCFS). We recruited comparison children from the same neighborhoods as the LACDCFS sample. The sample of children has been measured on 3 occasions (known as Time 1, 2, and 3) at 1 to 1.5 year intervals in a cross sequential research design. A battery of measures on each occasion targets correlates and predictors of substance abuse and includes indicators of substance use; delinquency; competence in social and peer relationships; mental health and behavior problems (depression, anxiety, PTSD, aggression); psychobiological indictors of stress reactivity (salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase) and autonomic nervous system arousal (skin conductance, heart rate); indicators of cognitive abilities and school performance; and pubertal development. These same measures will be obtained at follow up, along with measures characterizing development in later phases of adolescence, including measures of the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol and measures of risky sexual behavior.

虐待和忽视儿童是影响美国数百万婴儿，儿童和青少年的巨大社会问题。几十年的研究表明，遭受虐待或忽视与药物滥用和各种其他问题有关，包括焦虑和抑郁;攻击和犯罪;认知延迟和学业成绩问题;人际关系问题;以及健康问题。我们对虐待在增加药物使用风险方面的作用知之甚少，特别是对可能导致这种关联的机制有很多要了解。什么是建议是第一个前瞻性的，纵向的研究，以探讨不同的儿童虐待的经验，仔细测量，青少年药物滥用的作用，心理生物失调和青春期的时间可能会在这种关系中发挥的作用，强调的关系。这项研究的第二个焦点是青少年的高风险性行为，这通常与药物滥用有关。这项研究的独特之处还在于分析了从青春期早期到青春期中期/后期的心理社会功能轨迹，以研究不同的弹性和适应不良模式。这项拟定的研究是对16岁和17岁的受虐待青少年（N=303）和对照青少年（N=151）（47%为女性）进行的随访，首次评估时约为11岁。这些样本构成了居住在洛杉矶市中心的拉丁裔、非洲裔美国人和白人虐待和比较儿童的平衡子集。受虐待的儿童是通过洛杉矶县儿童和家庭服务部招募的。我们招募了来自LACDCFS样本相同社区的比较儿童。在交叉顺序研究设计中，以1至1.5年的间隔对儿童样本进行了3次测量（称为时间1，2和3）。每次都有一套衡量指标，以药物滥用的相关因素和预测因素为目标，包括药物使用、犯罪、社会和同伴关系能力、心理健康和行为问题的指标（抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、攻击性）;应激反应的心理生物学指标（唾液皮质醇和唾液α淀粉酶）和自主神经系统唤醒（皮肤电导、心率）;认知能力和学校表现指标;以及青春期发育。这些相同的测量将在随访时获得，沿着的是表征青春期后期发展的测量，包括药物和酒精的使用和滥用的测量以及危险性行为的测量。