Creating Community Health Equity Reports to Inform Policy and Practice

描述（由申请人提供）：“创建社区卫生公平报告，为政策和实践提供信息”越来越多的研究指出，地点——人们生活、工作、学习和娱乐的地方——对健康的重要性。然而，到目前为止，这项研究还没有广泛地为改善人口健康和减少卫生不平等现象的政策和做法提供信息。政治和经济研究联合中心的卫生政策研究所（HPI）寻求资金，编制和传播一系列适合当地情况的社区卫生公平报告，这些报告将评估24个社区中每个社区的人口卫生不平等以及社会和经济状况，这些社区是HPI“地方问题”倡议的一部分。这一举措旨在建立地方领导人的能力，以确定和解决其社区中健康的社会决定因素。“地方问题”是一个国家学习实验室，为“地方问题”小组成员提供机会，了解通过研究、社区能力建设和政策参与解决健康问题社会决定因素的战略。利用以社区为基础的参与性研究模式，PLACE MATTERS小组正在确定低收入社区和有色人种社区的优先健康问题（例如，婴儿死亡率、儿童肥胖、青少年暴力），并正在制定“上游”干预措施，以解决影响这些健康结果的潜在社会和经济条件。编制和传播适合当地情况的社区卫生公平报告将有助于“地方事务”小组：确定和收集其目标地理区域的卫生状况和社区条件指标；确定社会和经济条件与社区健康状况之间的潜在关系，为目标社区内的政策提供信息，并加深对当地社会环境与健康差距之间相互联系的了解；吸引目标受众，如政策制定者、社区领袖、民选官员、宗教领袖、新闻媒体、公民领袖和其他人，帮助缓解不利条件；提供一个以证据为基础的“仪表板”，以确定极端痛苦的地区，并跟踪在解决社区内健康差距和社会经济福祉方面的进展/挫折。预计这项研究将通过突出社会决定因素在形成健康状况和健康不平等方面的重要作用，通过促进地方政策解决方案，并通过为解决健康社会决定因素的国家活动提供信息，从而导致低收入社区和有色人种社区的健康状况的长期改善。虽然存在社区卫生公平报告的重要例子，但这些报告仅限于少数地理区域，并且没有受到“地方事项”等国家倡议的总体框架的指导。地方事务团队位于美国各地的社区（具体位置，请参阅下面的地图）。他们的重点是解决健康风险和资源的空间分布问题，这与住宅隔离的模式相一致，增加了低收入社区和有色人种社区健康状况不佳的风险。我们将与地方事务小组合作，向当地利益攸关方和目标受众以及全国受众广泛传播报告，以说明卫生与地方之间的关系，并扩大关于卫生公平的全国对话。拟议的研究与公共卫生有关，因为它将探讨人们的健康状况与其所居住社区的社会和经济状况之间的关系。我们希望这项研究能够通过强调社会和经济条件在塑造健康状况和健康不平等方面的重要作用，通过催化地方政策解决方案，并通过为解决健康的社会决定因素的国家活动提供信息，促进低收入社区和有色人种社区健康的长期改善。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): "CREATING COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY REPORTS TO INFORM POLICY AND PRACTICE" A growing volume of research points to the importance of place - where people live, work, study, and play - for health. As yet, however, this research has not informed policy and practice on a wide scale to improve population health and reduce health inequities. The Health Policy Institute (HPI) of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies seeks funding to prepare and disseminate a series of locally- tailored Community Health Equity reports that will assess population health inequities and social and economic conditions in each of the 24 communities that are part of HPI's PLACE MATTERS initiative. This initiative seeks to build the capacity of local leaders to identify and address social determinants of health in their communities. PLACE MATTERS is a national learning laboratory that provides opportunities for PLACE MATTERS team members to learn about strategies to address social determinants of health through research, community capacity-building, and policy engagement. Using a community-based participatory research model, PLACE MATTERS teams are identifying priority health concerns of low-income communities and communities of color (e.g., infant mortality, childhood obesity, youth violence), and are developing interventions that work "upstream" to address underlying social and economic conditions that shape these health outcomes. The development and dissemination of locally-tailored Community Health Equity reports will help PLACE MATTERS teams to: Identify and assemble indicators of health status and community conditions in their target geographic areas; Identify potential relationships between social and economic conditions and community health status, to inform policy within the target communities and to deepen understanding of the interconnections between the local social environment and health disparities; Engage target audiences, such as policymakers, community leaders, elected officials, faith leaders, the news media, civic leaders, and others to help mitigate adverse conditions; and, Provide an evidence-based "dashboard" for identifying pockets of extreme distress and for tracking progress/setbacks over time in addressing health disparities and socioeconomic wellbeing within the community. It is expected that this research will lead to long-term improvements in the health of low-income communities and communities of color by highlighting the important role of social determinants in shaping health status and health inequities, by contributing to local policy solutions, and by informing national activity to address social determinants of health. While important examples of community health equity reports exist, these reports have been limited to a handful of geographic areas and have not been guided by an overarching framework from a national initiative such as PLACE MATTERS. PLACE MATTERS teams are located in communities across the United States (for specific locations, please see the map below). They are focused on addressing the spatial distribution of health risks and resources, which align with patterns of residential segregation in ways that increase risks for poor health outcomes in low-income communities and communities of color. We will work with PLACE MATTERS teams to disseminate the reports widely with local stakeholders and target audiences, as well as with national audiences, to illustrate the relationships between health and place and expand the national conversation regarding health equity. The proposed research is relevant to public health because it will explore the relationship between the health status of people and the social and economic conditions of the communities in which they live. We expect this research to foster long-term improvements in the health of low-income communities and communities of color by highlighting the important role of social and economic conditions in shaping health status and health inequities, by catalyzing local policy solutions, and by informing national activity to address social determinants of health.