Interactive effects of stress and aging on prefrontal cortex

压力和衰老对前额皮质的交互影响

• 批准号: 7808563
• 负责人: Erik Bradley Bloss
• 金额: $ 4.12万
• 依托单位: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-25 至 2012-09-24
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7808563
• 关键词: 21 year old; Ablation; Adrenergic Receptor; Adult; Affect; Agaricales; Age; Age-Months; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Aging-Related Process; Agreement; Analysis of Variance; Animal Model; Animals; Anterior; Antibody Affinity; Apical; Area; Atrophic; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Biological; Brain; Caliber; Catecholamine Receptors; Catecholamines; Cells; Classification; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Computer software; Control Groups; Cyclic Nucleotides; Data; Dendrites; Dendritic Spines; Dimensions; Discrimination; Dopamine; Dorsal; Dyes; Elderly; Electron Microscope; Electron Microscopy; Ensure; Exhibits; Floor; Food; Future; Gold; Growth; Head; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Image; Impairment; Injection of therapeutic agent; Investigation; Label; Laboratories; Lesion; Link; Localized Lesion; Longevity; Maps; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental disorders; Methods; Mission; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Profiling; Monkeys; Morphology; Mus; Nature; Neocortex; Neurobiology; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Norepinephrine Receptors; Outcome; Paper; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Plastics; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Printing; Process; Publications; Publishing; Quality of life; Rattus; Receptor Up-Regulation; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Rest; Rewards; Rodent; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Site; Solid; Staging; Staining method; Stains; Statistical Methods; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Surface; Synapses; Synaptic Receptors; System; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Therapeutic Studies; Thinking; Time; Tissues; Training; Vertebral column; Visual; Work; age effect; age related; aged; aging brain; base; behavioral impairment; beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors; cognitive control; cognitive function; cohort; cortical catecholamine; density; design; flexibility; human study; improved; interest; juvenile animal; locus ceruleus structure; lucifer yellow; member; middle age; neocortical; neuron loss; noradrenergic; norepinephrine system; normal aging; particle; pathological aging; postsynaptic; presynaptic; radioligand; receptor; receptor expression; relating to nervous system; research study; response; restraint stress; statistics; vesicular monoamine transporter 2

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of these studies is to further the understanding of how aging affects neuroplasticity in the brain. While initial studies suggested that neocortical neurons are lost with age, it is now clear that minimal neuron loss accompanies normal aging. A working hypothesis is that morphomolecular plasticity is lost within otherwise intact neocortical circuits, and these alterations drive age-related cognitive decline. However, surprisingly little is known about age-related synaptic changes in the aging rat neocortex, and direct evidence for reductions in adaptive plasticity in the aged brain is currently lacking. I propose to use stress as a model of adaptive neocortical plasticity; in young animals, I hypothesize that stress-induced neocortical neuron atrophy and subsequent behavioral impairments are reversible with recovery. However, I hypothesize that the ability to reversibly remodel neocortical neuronal dendrites and synapses will be diminished in the aged brain, and this will be reflected in diminished behavioral performance. An additional focus will be examining alterations of neocortical neuromodulatory receptor systems, which have also been posited as a mechanism for stress- and age-related cognitive decline. These studies will provide a solid neurobiological framework for future therapeutic interventions that aim to restore neuronal plasticity in the aging brain. As the mission of the NIA is to improve and aid in the quality of life of the elderly, an understanding of the fundamental biological mechanisms behind alterations in the aging brain is essential. To test these hypotheses, I will use a behavioral task that is well-characterized and previously shown to be both dependant on specific neocortical regions and sensitive to stress. For neurobiological investigations, I will use single cell dye-filling techniques and unbiased stereological electron microscope techniques that have proven highly successful in previous experiments in our laboratory. The use of these techniques is important because a large emphasis will be placed on alterations of dendritic spine morphological and receptor expression profiles with aging. The fastest growing segment of our population is the elderly, and despite much effort, a solid understanding of exactly how aging affects the brain is lacking. The research proposed in this application will use behavioral and cellular measures to study how the aged brain responds differentially to challenge than the young brain. These experiments will set the stage for therapeutic studies that will aim to lessen the deleterious impact of the aging process on brain function.

描述（由申请人提供）：这些研究的主要目的是进一步了解衰老如何影响大脑的神经可塑性。虽然最初的研究表明，新皮层神经元随着年龄的增长而丢失，但现在很清楚，正常的衰老伴随着最小的神经元丢失。一个工作假设是，形态分子可塑性在其他完整的新皮层回路中丢失，这些改变导致与年龄相关的认知能力下降。然而，令人惊讶的是，对衰老大鼠新皮层中与年龄相关的突触变化知之甚少，目前缺乏老年大脑适应性可塑性降低的直接证据。我建议使用压力作为适应性新皮层可塑性的模型，在年轻的动物，我假设压力引起的新皮层神经元萎缩和随后的行为障碍是可逆的恢复。然而，我推测，可逆地重塑新皮层神经元树突和突触的能力将在老年大脑中减少，这将反映在减少的行为表现。另一个重点将是检查新皮层神经调节受体系统的改变，这也被认为是压力和年龄相关的认知能力下降的机制。这些研究将为未来旨在恢复衰老大脑神经元可塑性的治疗干预提供坚实的神经生物学框架。由于NIA的使命是改善和帮助老年人的生活质量，因此了解衰老大脑变化背后的基本生物学机制至关重要。为了验证这些假设，我将使用一个行为任务，这是很好的特点，以前被证明是既依赖于特定的新皮层区域和敏感的压力。对于神经生物学研究，我将使用单细胞染料填充技术和无偏体视学电子显微镜技术，这些技术在我们实验室以前的实验中已经证明非常成功。这些技术的使用是很重要的，因为一个大的重点将放在树突棘形态和受体表达谱与衰老的变化。我们人口中增长最快的部分是老年人，尽管付出了很多努力，但对衰老如何影响大脑的确切理解仍然缺乏。本申请中提出的研究将使用行为和细胞测量来研究老年大脑如何与年轻大脑不同地应对挑战。这些实验将为旨在减轻衰老过程对大脑功能的有害影响的治疗研究奠定基础。