Effects children persistent exposure political violence

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议研究的首要目标是促进我们对持续和极端暴露于政治冲突和暴力以及认知、情感和自我过程如何影响儿童的心理社会适应和心理健康的理解。在拟议的调查中，我们将在两个相互关联的样本中研究这些进程：以色列(犹太和阿拉伯)儿童和生活在以色列和巴勒斯坦冲突地区的巴勒斯坦儿童。我们建议对从巴勒斯坦-阿拉伯和以色列(犹太和阿拉伯)家庭人口中抽取的三个儿童及其父母进行广泛的访谈评估，从孩子8岁、11岁和14岁开始，到孩子分别11岁、14岁和17岁结束。我们将实施队列序贯前瞻性纵向设计。这一设计将使我们能够分析被持续的种族和政治冲突以及频繁爆发的出于政治动机的暴力所破坏的生态环境如何影响儿童从童年中期到青春期中期的心理社会适应。拟议项目的设计还使我们能够研究在极端不利的生态条件下有问题和健康的发展道路的背景和个人预测因素和相互关系。因此，我们可以考察持续的政治暴力背景对认知、情绪风格和自我认同过程的出现和维持的影响，这些过程有助于行为调整和心理健康的持久模式的发展。此外，我们还将探索家庭和同伴关系如何在政治暴力暴露和儿童适应之间起到缓和和调解的作用，并研究政治暴力条件下父母和孩子的行为之间的交易关系。我们的调查以五个主要目标为指导：1)我们将调查持续和极端政治暴力暴露在不同年龄、性别和不同社会文化背景下对儿童正常发展的心理社会和心理健康后果；2)我们将研究持续政治暴力暴露与可能调节或调节这些关系的三组个人因素之间的关系：认知信念(例如，针对外部成员的关于一般攻击和攻击的规范性信念)、情绪调节方式(例如，愤怒控制)和自我认同过程(例如，自我价值感)；3)我们将调查样本中儿童在接触极端政治暴力方面的个体差异是否与接触其他形式的暴力有关，包括社区非政治暴力、家庭暴力和学校暴力；4)我们将研究亲子关系对政治暴力暴露与儿童适应之间关系的潜在调节和调节作用；以及5)我们将研究同伴关系对政治暴力暴露与儿童适应之间的联系的潜在调节和调节作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of the proposed research is to advance our understanding of how persistent and extreme exposure to political conflict and violence combines with cognitive, emotional, and self processes to influence the psychosocial adjustment and mental health of children. In the proposed investigation, we will study those processes in two linked samples: Israeli (Jewish and Arab) and Palestinian children living in the conflicted areas of Israel and Palestine. We propose to conduct extensive interview assessments on three cohorts of children and their parents drawn from populations of both Palestinian-Arab and Israeli (Jewish and Arab) families beginning when the children are 8, 11, and 14 years old and concluding when the children are, respectively, 11, 14, and 17 years old. We will implement a cohort-sequential prospective longitudinal design. This design will permit us to analyze the ways in which ecological contexts marred by constant ethnic and political conflicts and frequent eruptions of politically motivated violence affect children's psychosocial adjustment from the critical developmental period of middle childhood through middle adolescence. The design of the proposed project also permits us to study the contextual and individual predictors and correlates of problematic and healthy developmental pathways under extremely adverse ecological conditions. Thus, we can examine the influence of an ongoing politically violent context on the emergence and maintenance of cognitions, emotional styles, and self-identity processes that contribute to the development of enduring patterns of behavioral adjustment and mental health. Additionally, we will explore the ways in which family and peer relationships serve to moderate and mediate associations between exposure to political violence and child adjustment, and examine transactional relations between the behavior of parents and their children under politically violent conditions. Our investigation is guided by five principal aims: 1) We will investigate the psychosocial and mental health consequences of exposure to persistent and extreme political violence to the normal development of children, at different ages, by gender, and across different socio-cultural contexts; 2) We will examine the relations between exposure to persistent political violence and three sets of individual factors that potentially could mediate or moderate those relations: cognitive beliefs (e.g., normative beliefs about general aggression and aggression targeted at outgroup members), emotion regulation styles (e.g., anger control), and self-identity processes (e.g., self worth); 3) We will investigate whether individual differences among children in our sample in exposure to extreme political violence are associated with exposure to other forms of violence, including non-political violence in the community, domestic violence, and school violence; 4) We will examine the potential mediating and moderating effects of parent-child relationships on the relation between exposure to political violence and child adjustment; and 5) We will examine the potential mediating and moderating effects of peer relationships on the association between exposure to political violence and child adjustment.