COMBINING EXERCISE AND COGNITIVE TRAINING TO IMPROVE EVERYDAY FUNCTION

描述（由申请人提供）：生活方式活动可能有益于晚年的认知健康，这对我们日益老龄化的人口至关重要。尽管许多关于老年人身体和认知训练活动的研究试图证明这些益处，但这些益处的转移和维持微乎其微。在这个建议中，我们介绍和评估两个新的，理论上的动机进步，以优化培训的效果，包括转移到日常的，真实的世界活动。认识到真实的世界的活动，不像实验室的任务，很少依赖于一个单一的认知过程，一个进步是纳入培训，交错实践涉及三个认知控制过程（任务协调，前瞻性和回顾性记忆）。第二个进展是，迄今为止，很少有研究仔细评估有氧运动和认知训练在产生认知益处方面可能是相加或协同作用的可能性。因此，一个重要的目标是评估有氧运动与认知训练相结合的益处，以优化训练和认知功能的转移，特别是对于日常活动。我们建议对自然退休社区（NORC）的居民进行随机对照前瞻性研究。将入组96名年龄在55-75岁之间、健康状况稳定且无运动禁忌症或痴呆或认知障碍证据的男性和女性。个人将被随机分配到四组中的一组，为期六个月：运动，认知训练，运动和认知训练相结合，以及对照组。该设计将使我们能够评估每种干预措施在改善基线至训练后认知控制指标的表现方面的独特益处，包括训练特定的实验室和日常转移任务;日常主观记忆表现;自我报告的日常生活活动（ADL）和生活质量;以及客观身体表现。我们还计划在6个月的干预期（基线后12个月）后，比较认知组、运动组和联合组中个体的6个月迁移、ADL和主观记忆表现改善的维持情况。 公共卫生相关性：生活方式活动可能有益于晚年的认知健康，这对我们日益老龄化的人口至关重要。尽管许多关于老年人身体和认知训练的研究试图证明这些益处，但这些益处的转移和维持微乎其微。如果认知训练与有氧运动训练相结合被证明具有转移到日常活动并持续的效果，那么这项研究的结果最终可以直接应用于各种社区环境，以减少或延迟与年龄相关的认知能力下降。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The possibility that lifestyle activities may benefit cognitive health in late life is of major importance for our increasingly aging population. Although many studies of physical and cognitive training activities in older adults have attempted to demonstrate such benefits, transfer and maintenance of these benefits have been minimal. In this proposal, we introduce and evaluate two novel, theoretically motivated advances to optimize the effects of training, including transfer to daily, real world activities. Recognizing that real world activities, unlike laboratory tasks, rarely rely upon a single cognitive process, one advance is the incorporation of training that interleaves practice involving three cognitive control processes (task-coordination, prospective and retrospective memory). A second advance rests on the observation that few studies to date have carefully assessed the possibility that aerobic exercise and cognitive training together may be additive or synergistic in yielding cognitive benefits. Accordingly, an important objective is to evaluate the benefits of combining aerobic exercise with cognitive training for optimizing training and transfer of cognitive function, particularly for daily activities. We propose to conduct a randomized, controlled prospective study with residents of a Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC). Ninety-six men and women, age 55-75 years who are in stable health and without contraindications to exercise or evidence of dementia or cognitive impairment, will be enrolled. Individuals will be randomly assigned to one of four groups for six months: Exercise, Cognitive training, Combined exercise and cognitive training, and Control. This design will allow us to evaluate the unique benefits of each intervention for improving performance from baseline to post-training on measures of cognitive control, including training specific, laboratory and everyday transfer tasks; everyday subjective memory performance; self-reported activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life; and objective physical performance. We also plan to compare 6-month maintenance of transfer, ADL, and subjective memory performance gains for individuals in the Cognitive, Exercise, and Combined groups following the 6-month intervention period (12 months after baseline). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The possibility that lifestyle activities may benefit cognitive health in late life is of major importance for our increasingly aging population. Although many studies of physical and cognitive training in older adults have attempted to demonstrate such benefits, transfer and maintenance of these benefits have been minimal. If cognitive training combined with aerobic exercise training is proven to have effects that transfer to everyday activities and are sustained, the results of this study could eventually be directly applied to a variety of community settings to reduce or delay age-related cognitive decline.