The Genetics of Parallel Reproductive Isolation in Stickleback Species Pairs

刺鱼物种对中平行生殖隔离的遗传学

• 批准号: 7984048
• 负责人: Catherine L. Peichel
• 金额: $ 48.76万
• 依托单位: FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-10 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7984048
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Affect; Alleles; Architecture; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Biological Models; Birds; Body Size; British Columbia; Candidate Disease Gene; Complex; Data Set; Diet; Embryo; Environment; Evolution; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Face; Feeds; Female; Fishes; Fresh Water; Gasterosteidae; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Height; Human; Hybrids; Individual; Insecta; Invertebrates; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Location; Maps; Marines; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morphology; Mutation; Natural Selections; Nature; Neural Pathways; Normal Range; Organism; Other Genetics; Partner in relationship; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phenotype; Plankton; Plants; Population; Population Study; Probability; Quantitative Trait Loci; Reproductive Behavior; Research; Resources; Schedule; Shapes; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; System; Testing; Variant; Vertebrates; Water; base; density; developmental genetics; genome sequencing; interest; male; novel; preference; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive success; research study; segregation; species difference; theories; tool; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Substantial progress has been made over the last ten years in understanding how natural selection has driven the origin of species. However, we know little about the genetic basis of speciation - the genes that underlie the behavioral, morphological, and other traits that define the reproductive barriers between new species. Progress has been limited by a shortage of study systems that present both an understanding of ecological and evolutionary context and the requisite genomic resources. The young species pairs of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) provide an outstanding opportunity to address fundamental questions concerning the genetics of species origin and persistence in nature. Coexisting 'limnetic' and 'benthic' species have evolved repeatedly in multiple small lakes and show parallel differences in many traits. Mating behaviors such as nesting habitat and mate preferences form the principal barrier to gene flow. Such behaviors are also contingent upon body size, shape, and ecological differences such as habitat, which therefore indirectly influence reproductive isolation. Survival and reproductive success of hybrids likewise depend on this suite of behavioral and morphological traits. The first aim of our proposed research is to investigate the genetic underpinnings of behaviors and morphological traits responsible for reproductive isolation between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks from two lakes (Priest and Paxton) using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Second, we aim to determine whether behavioral traits causing reproductive isolation map to the same genomic regions as the morphological traits known to correlate with mate choice. Our third aim is to detect regions of the genome causing postzygotic isolation by measuring segregation distortion at SNP markers in these pond-raised hybrids compared with that in control embryos made in the laboratory. Finally, we will test whether the same genomic regions control species differences in behavior and morphology between two independently evolved species pairs (in Priest and Paxton Lakes). Importantly, these traits will be measured in controlled outdoor experimental ponds that mimic natural lake habitats and permit the expression of natural behaviors, diets, growth, and reproductive schedules. Since the stickleback has a fully sequenced genome and many other genetic tools available, the mapping experiments proposed here will be the first step in identifying genes that underlie reproductive isolation in natural stickleback populations. In addition, the results are likely to have important implications for understanding the genetic basis of behavioral variation and behavioral disorders in humans because many of the genetic and neural pathways that underlie behaviors are likely to be conserved between fish and humans. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Very little is known about the genes that influence the normal range of phenotypic variation seen in human behaviors and morphologies. Humans and sticklebacks have migrated and adapted to new environments over a similar evolutionary timeframe, and genetic and developmental pathways are conserved amongst vertebrates. Thus, sticklebacks provide an excellent vertebrate model system for studying the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation that has direct relevance to similar studies in humans.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去十年中，在理解自然选择如何驱动物种起源方面取得了实质性进展。然而，我们对物种形成的遗传基础知之甚少--这些基因构成了行为、形态和其他特征的基础，这些特征决定了新物种之间的生殖障碍。由于缺乏既了解生态和进化背景又了解必要的基因组资源的研究系统，进展受到限制。年轻的物种对threespine棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus复杂）提供了一个很好的机会，以解决有关物种起源和持久性在自然界中的遗传学的基本问题。共存的“湖沼”和“底栖”物种在多个小湖泊中反复进化，并在许多性状上表现出平行的差异。交配行为，如筑巢栖息地和配偶偏好形成的主要障碍，基因流。这种行为也取决于身体大小，形状和生态差异，如栖息地，因此间接影响生殖隔离。杂种的生存和繁殖成功同样取决于这套行为和形态特征。我们提出的研究的第一个目的是调查的行为和形态特征的遗传基础负责生殖隔离之间的底栖和湖沼棘鱼从两个湖泊（牧师和帕克斯顿）使用数量性状基因座（QTL）定位与高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列。第二，我们的目标是确定是否行为性状导致生殖隔离映射到相同的基因组区域的形态特征与配偶选择。我们的第三个目的是检测基因组的区域，通过测量分离的SNP标记在这些池塘饲养的杂交种相比，在实验室中制作的控制胚胎的失真引起合子后隔离。最后，我们将测试是否相同的基因组区域控制两个独立进化的物种对（在牧师和帕克斯顿湖）之间的行为和形态的物种差异。重要的是，这些特征将在模拟自然湖泊栖息地的受控室外实验池塘中进行测量，并允许表达自然行为，饮食，生长和繁殖时间表。由于刺鱼拥有完整的基因组测序和许多其他可用的遗传工具，因此这里提出的作图实验将是识别自然刺鱼种群中生殖隔离基因的第一步。此外，这些结果可能对理解人类行为变异和行为障碍的遗传基础具有重要意义，因为许多行为背后的遗传和神经通路可能在鱼类和人类之间保持不变。 公共卫生关系：我们对影响人类行为和形态中正常表型变异范围的基因知之甚少。人类和刺鱼在类似的进化时间框架内迁移并适应新环境，并且遗传和发育途径在脊椎动物中是保守的。因此，刺鱼提供了一个很好的脊椎动物模型系统，用于研究表型变异的遗传结构，与人类的类似研究直接相关。