Reducing Addiction Through Training Brain States

描述(由申请人提供)：烟草成瘾仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。这项研究项目的总体目标是测试一种形式的冥想训练(一体化身心训练，IBMT)是否改变了与吸烟成瘾有关的大脑回路，以及IBMT是否改善了对戒烟症状敏感的自主活动。因此，拟议的两年项目将解决尼古丁成瘾的三个问题：(I)短期IBMT是否改变了吸烟成瘾相关的前扣带回(ACC)和纹状体之间的大脑连接；(Ii)IBMT是否改善了以心率变异性(HRV)和皮肤电导反应(SCR)为指标的副交感神经活动；以及(Iii)该回路的变化是否与吸烟和戒断症状的减少有关。吸烟者将从俄勒冈研究所提供的大量数据库中挑选出来。验证将使用尼古丁依赖费格斯特姆测试(FTND)、烟草渴求问卷(TCQ)和访谈来对成瘾程度和吸烟频率进行分类。参与者将被随机分配到IBMT或放松训练组。为了确保IBMT增加这一组患者ACC-纹状体回路的活动性和连接性，我们将进行fMRI研究，在为期两周的IBMT和放松训练之前和之后对参与者进行静息扫描。尼古丁成瘾还涉及生理变化，特别是在尼古丁戒断期间。以前的研究表明，高频HRV(较低的副交感神经活动)减少可能是戒断症状的一个生物标志物。已发现IBMT可以改善副交感神经活动，以更高的高频HRV为指标，从而有助于减轻自主神经系统故障引起的戒断症状。根据我们之前的工作，这些变化应该在两周内发生。此外，我们目前研究中的一名吸烟者在IBMT治疗5天后表现出这种模式，并报告说在两周内吸烟习惯和戒断症状大大减少。除了脑成像，每个受试者在训练前后还将使用注意力网络测试(ANT)、成人气质问卷(ATQ)、情绪状态简档(POMS)、FTND和TCQ进行评估，以获得注意力效率/自我调节能力和情绪状态。这些行为分析将为干预效果提供证据。在训练后3个月和6个月对每个人进行行为评估。为了衡量烟草使用训练的成功与否，我们检查了各组FTD和TCQ的变化，并进行了ACC-纹状体环路静息连接性与FTD和TCQ得分的相关性分析。如果成功，这些研究将提供一种有效、廉价和无害的减少烟草成瘾的方法。 与公共健康相关：烟草成瘾仍然是一个主要的公共健康问题。这项研究项目的总体目标是测试一种形式的冥想训练(一体化身心训练，IBMT)是否改变了与吸烟成瘾有关的大脑回路，以及IBMT是否改善了对戒烟症状敏感的自主活动。因此，拟议的两年项目将解决尼古丁成瘾的三个问题：(I)短期IBMT是否改变了吸烟成瘾相关的前扣带回(ACC)和纹状体之间的大脑连接；(Ii)IBMT是否改善了以心率变异性(HRV)和皮肤电导反应(SCR)为指标的副交感神经活动；以及(Iii)该回路的变化是否与吸烟和戒断症状的减少有关。烟草成瘾仍然是一个主要的公共健康问题。如果成功，这些研究将提供一种有效、廉价和无害的减少烟草成瘾的方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. The overall goal of this research project is to test whether one form of meditation training (integrative body mind training, IBMT) changes brain circuits involved in smoking addiction and if IBMT improves autonomic activity sensitive in smoking withdrawal symptoms. The proposed two-year project will therefore address three issues in nicotine addiction (i) whether short-term IBMT changes the brain connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum involved in smoking addiction (ii) if IBMT improves the parasympathetic activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR) and (iii) if changes in this circuitry correlate with reduction of smoking and of withdrawal symptoms. Smokers will be chosen from extensive databases available at the Oregon Research Institute. Verification will use the Fagerstr"m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) and interview to classify the level of addiction and frequency of smoking. Participants will be randomly assigned to IBMT or relaxation training groups. To ensure IBMT increases activity and connectivity in the ACC-Striatal circuit in this group we will conduct fMRI studies to scan participants at rest before and after 2-week training of IBMT and relaxation. Nicotine addiction also involves physiological changes, especially during nicotine withdrawal. Previous studies suggest that decreasing high-frequency HRV (lower parasympathetic activity) could be a biomarker for the withdrawal symptoms. IBMT has been found to improve parasympathetic activity indexed by greater high-frequency HRV and thus could help reduce the withdrawal symptoms resulting from malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system. Based on our previous work these changes should occur in two weeks. In addition a smoker in our current study showed this pattern after 5 days of IBMT and reported greatly reduced smoking habit and withdrawal symptoms in two weeks. In addition to brain imaging, each subject will also be assessed before and after training with the Attention Network Test (ANT), Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ), Profiles of Mood States (POMS), FTND and TCQ to get the attention efficiency/self-regulation ability and mood states. These behavioral assays will provide the evidences for the intervention effects. Each person will be followed up with the behavioral assays 3 and 6 months after the training. To measure the success of the training on tobacco use we examine changes in the FTD and TCQ in each group, we conduct the correlation analysis between resting connectivity in the ACC-Striatal circuit and the scores of FTD and TCQ. If successful, these studies will provide an effective, inexpensive and harmless method of reducing tobacco addiction. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. The overall goal of this research project is to test whether one form of meditation training (integrative body mind training, IBMT) changes brain circuits involved in smoking addiction and if IBMT improves autonomic activity sensitive in smoking withdrawal symptoms. The proposed two-year project will therefore address three issues in nicotine addiction (i) whether short-term IBMT changes the brain connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum involved in smoking addiction (ii) if IBMT improves the parasympathetic activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR) and (iii) if changes in this circuitry correlate with reduction of smoking and of withdrawal symptoms. Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. If successful, these studies will provide an effective, inexpensive and harmless method of reducing tobacco addiction.