Reducing Addiction Through Training Brain States

描述（由申请人提供）：烟草成瘾仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。本研究项目的总体目标是测试一种形式的冥想训练（综合身心训练，IBMT）是否会改变与吸烟成瘾有关的大脑回路，以及IBMT是否会改善对吸烟戒断症状敏感的自主活动。因此，拟议的两年期项目将解决尼古丁成瘾的三个问题：（i）短期IBMT是否会改变与吸烟成瘾有关的前扣带皮层（ACC）和纹状体之间的大脑连接;（ii）IBMT是否会改善心率变异性（HRV）和皮肤电导反应（SCR）所指示的副交感神经活动;以及（iii）如果这个回路的变化与吸烟和戒断症状的减少有关。吸烟者将从俄勒冈州研究所的广泛数据库中选出。验证将使用Fagerstr“m尼古丁依赖性测试（FTND）、烟草渴望问卷（TCQ）和访谈对成瘾程度和吸烟频率进行分类。参与者将被随机分配到IBMT或放松训练组。为了确保IBMT增加该组中ACC-纹状体回路的活动和连通性，我们将进行fMRI研究，以扫描IBMT和放松2周训练前后的休息参与者。尼古丁成瘾还涉及生理变化，特别是在尼古丁戒断期间。先前的研究表明，降低高频HRV（较低的副交感神经活动）可能是戒断症状的生物标志物。已发现IBMT可改善由更高的高频HRV指示的副交感神经活动，从而有助于减少自主神经系统功能障碍引起的戒断症状。根据我们以前的工作，这些变化应该在两周内发生。此外，在我们目前的研究中，一名吸烟者在IBMT 5天后表现出这种模式，并报告在两周内大大减少了吸烟习惯和戒断症状。除脑成像外，每位受试者还将在训练前后进行注意力网络测试（ANT）、成人气质问卷（ATQ）、情绪状态量表（POMS）、FTND和TCQ评估，以获得注意力效率/自我调节能力和情绪状态。这些行为学分析将为干预效果提供依据。每个人将在培训后3个月和6个月进行行为测定。为了衡量烟草使用培训的成功，我们检查了每组中FTD和TCQ的变化，我们进行了ACC-纹状体回路的静息连接与FTD和TCQ评分之间的相关性分析。如果成功，这些研究将提供一种有效、廉价和无害的减少烟草成瘾的方法。 公共卫生相关性：烟草成瘾仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题。本研究项目的总体目标是测试一种形式的冥想训练（综合身心训练，IBMT）是否会改变与吸烟成瘾有关的大脑回路，以及IBMT是否会改善对吸烟戒断症状敏感的自主活动。因此，拟议的两年期项目将解决尼古丁成瘾的三个问题：（i）短期IBMT是否会改变与吸烟成瘾有关的前扣带皮层（ACC）和纹状体之间的大脑连接;（ii）IBMT是否会改善心率变异性（HRV）和皮肤电导反应（SCR）所指示的副交感神经活动;以及（iii）如果这个回路的变化与吸烟和戒断症状的减少有关。吸烟成瘾仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。如果成功，这些研究将提供一种有效、廉价和无害的减少烟草成瘾的方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. The overall goal of this research project is to test whether one form of meditation training (integrative body mind training, IBMT) changes brain circuits involved in smoking addiction and if IBMT improves autonomic activity sensitive in smoking withdrawal symptoms. The proposed two-year project will therefore address three issues in nicotine addiction (i) whether short-term IBMT changes the brain connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum involved in smoking addiction (ii) if IBMT improves the parasympathetic activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR) and (iii) if changes in this circuitry correlate with reduction of smoking and of withdrawal symptoms. Smokers will be chosen from extensive databases available at the Oregon Research Institute. Verification will use the Fagerstr"m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) and interview to classify the level of addiction and frequency of smoking. Participants will be randomly assigned to IBMT or relaxation training groups. To ensure IBMT increases activity and connectivity in the ACC-Striatal circuit in this group we will conduct fMRI studies to scan participants at rest before and after 2-week training of IBMT and relaxation. Nicotine addiction also involves physiological changes, especially during nicotine withdrawal. Previous studies suggest that decreasing high-frequency HRV (lower parasympathetic activity) could be a biomarker for the withdrawal symptoms. IBMT has been found to improve parasympathetic activity indexed by greater high-frequency HRV and thus could help reduce the withdrawal symptoms resulting from malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system. Based on our previous work these changes should occur in two weeks. In addition a smoker in our current study showed this pattern after 5 days of IBMT and reported greatly reduced smoking habit and withdrawal symptoms in two weeks. In addition to brain imaging, each subject will also be assessed before and after training with the Attention Network Test (ANT), Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ), Profiles of Mood States (POMS), FTND and TCQ to get the attention efficiency/self-regulation ability and mood states. These behavioral assays will provide the evidences for the intervention effects. Each person will be followed up with the behavioral assays 3 and 6 months after the training. To measure the success of the training on tobacco use we examine changes in the FTD and TCQ in each group, we conduct the correlation analysis between resting connectivity in the ACC-Striatal circuit and the scores of FTD and TCQ. If successful, these studies will provide an effective, inexpensive and harmless method of reducing tobacco addiction. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. The overall goal of this research project is to test whether one form of meditation training (integrative body mind training, IBMT) changes brain circuits involved in smoking addiction and if IBMT improves autonomic activity sensitive in smoking withdrawal symptoms. The proposed two-year project will therefore address three issues in nicotine addiction (i) whether short-term IBMT changes the brain connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum involved in smoking addiction (ii) if IBMT improves the parasympathetic activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR) and (iii) if changes in this circuitry correlate with reduction of smoking and of withdrawal symptoms. Tobacco addiction remains a major public health problem. If successful, these studies will provide an effective, inexpensive and harmless method of reducing tobacco addiction.