Cellular and Molecular Physiology of Organ Function

描述（由申请人提供）：该培训计划于2002年完全重组，以响应后基因组时代生理学的发展。随着包括人类在内的各种生物基因组的测序，在理解复杂系统的细胞和分子构建块方面取得了重大进展。该培训课程侧重于整合来自多个领域的信息，包括细胞生理学，分子生物学和遗传学，生物化学和蛋白质结构，药理学和生物物理学，以了解复杂系统的功能和调节方式。新开设的“生理学与综合医学生物学”课程采用“系统与综合生物学”的方法，为加强我们的培养计划提供基础，旨在培养具有综合生物学功能的现代概念和技术的优秀学生。目标是让他们从事教学和研究工作，为基础生物科学本身和人类健康作出重大贡献。细胞与分子生理学博士学位的候选人是从具有科学学士或硕士学位并具有坚实的数学（和/或物理或化学）和生物学背景的学生中挑选出来的。培训师资队伍由12个系35名研究员组成。由于生物系统中的大多数整合过程依赖于膜功能，培训教师专注于细胞和膜研究，包括：1)上皮功能；2)膜转运机制；3)神经科学，包括可兴奋膜；4)蛋白质合成与细胞内转运；5)结构生物学；6)细胞和细胞内信号，细胞生长，7)肌肉和分子运动，8)心血管，代谢和运动生理学。在大多数这些小组中，技术专长涵盖器官生理学，膜生物物理学，生物化学，分子生物学和遗传学以及蛋白质结构。除了培训教师和他们的实验室外，提供给学员的设施还包括耶鲁大学生物和生物医学科学跨部门联合项目（BBS）的200多名教师，以及一系列现代化的核心设施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Training Program was completely restructured in 2002 in response to the evolution of physiology in the post-genomic era. With the sequencing of the genomes of various organisms including the human, significant strides have been made towards understanding the cellular and molecular building blocks of complex systems. This training program focuses on integrating information from many fields including cell physiology, molecular biology and genetics, biochemistry and protein structure, pharmacology and biophysics to understand how complex systems function and are regulated. Our new track in "Physiology and Integrative Medical Biology" takes a "systems and integrative biology" approach and provides the foundation for strengthening our training program designed to educate talented students in the modern concepts and techniques of integrated biological function. The goal is to launch them into careers in teaching and research where they can contribute significantly to basic biological science per se and to human health. Candidates for the Ph.D. degree in Cellular & Molecular Physiology are selected from the pool of students with a bachelor's or master's degree in science and a firm background in mathematics (and/or physics or chemistry) and biology. 35 investigators from 12 departments constitute the training faculty. Because the majority of integrative processes in biological systems depend upon membrane function, the training faculty is focused in cellular and membrane research including: 1) epithelial function; 2) mechanisms of membrane transport; 3) neuroscience including excitable membranes; 4) protein biosynthesis & intracellular transport; 5) structural biology; 6) cellular and intracellular signaling, cell growth, 7) muscle and molecular motors, and 8) cardiovascular, metabolic, and exercise physiology. In most of these groups, technical expertise spans organ physiology, membrane biophysics, biochemistry, and molecular biology and genetics, and protein structure. In addition to the training faculty and their laboratories, the facilities available to trainees include the more than 200 faculty in the interdepartmental Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS) at Yale, as well as a broad range of modern core facilities.