Advances in Oculomotor and Vestibular Systems

动眼神经和前庭系统的进展

• 批准号: 7912540
• 负责人: Neeraj J Gandhi
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-01 至 2012-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7912540
• 关键词: Address; Attention; Biological Models; Cell membrane; Cerebellum; Cognitive deficits; Color; Cues; Disease; Esthesia; Eye Movements; Fibrosis; Florida; Functional disorder; Generic Drugs; Goals; Health; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Lesion; Link; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Neurosciences; Ocular Motility Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Pathologic Nystagmus; Physicians; Property; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Scholarship; Scientist; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Societies; Space Perception; Strabismus; Structure; Study models; Syndrome; System; Torticollis; Vertigo; Visit; Visual; forging; insight; meetings; motor control; multidisciplinary; neuroregulation; oculomotor; orbit muscle; planetary Atmosphere; posters; programs; public health relevance; response; spatial neglect; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; symposium; vector; visual cognition

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor and vestibular systems are two of the oldest and most thoroughly studied topics in systems neuroscience. The wealth and breadth of knowledge these systems offer produces progress at a rapid pace and in divergent directions, yielding a multidisciplinary view of oculomotor and vestibular functions in health and disease. It is increasingly apparent that a forum to forge interdisciplinary links among oculomotor and vestibular researchers would be of great benefit. This proposal requests support for a conference, whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians of these mature fields to take a fresh look at how the diverse components of the oculomotor and vestibular systems interact and to stimulate increased interdisciplinary research. The proposed conference, entitled "Advances in Oculomotor and Vestibular Systems," is a satellite to the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Neural Control of Movement and will be held April 18-20, 2010, at the Naples Beach Hotel in Naples, Florida. The specific program will emphasize four emerging topics in oculomotor and/or vestibular systems. First, we will re-evaluate the actions of the superior colliculus. We will examine whether sensory signals are color-dependent (traditionally, they are assumed not to be) and visit the controversy of whether its motor command encodes the desired goal or the actual movement vector. Second, we will consider the role of the cortical and subcortical structures in visual cognition. Research that uses visual, oculomotor, and vestibular cues to gain insights into attention, target selection, and spatial orientation will be represented. Third, the framework of internal models has become another emerging topic. The oculomotor system is an ideal model system for the study of internal models because of the accurate response of eye movements and because of the insights that can be gained from perturbing them. The vestibular system has also shared the limelight with its use to study efference copy concepts. The cerebellum has been proposed as the locus of internal models, and studies that address this hypothesis will be emphasized. Finally, we will highlight the recent collaborative efforts of clinicians and computational scientists to simulate the pathophysiology of several ocular motility disorders. One uniqueness of the present approach has been to attribute the dysfunction to specific cell membrane properties, in contrast to the traditional view of a generic lesion to an oculomotor structure. In addition to the thematic sessions, scholarship recipients and other attendees will also have the opportunity to present posters of their research. Collectively, our objective is to create a scientifically vibrant atmosphere that brings together ideas and investigators that are often not at the same venue. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of oculomotor and vestibular systems include strabismus, nystagmus, vertigo, and postural imbalance. Contributions of these systems are reflected in motor control diseases (Parkinson's, torticollis), sensation syndromes (vertigo), and cognitive deficits (spatial neglect). Other disorders such as congenital fibrosis can also alter mechanistic properties of the extraocular muscle itself. Hence, the oculomotor and vestibular systems are of immense relevance to health.

描述(由申请人提供)：动眼神经系统和前庭系统是系统神经科学中最古老和最深入研究的两个主题。这些系统提供的丰富和广度的知识产生了快速和不同方向的进步，产生了关于健康和疾病中动眼和前庭功能的多学科观点。越来越明显的是，在眼球运动和前庭研究人员之间建立跨学科联系的论坛将是非常有益的。这项提议要求支持召开一次会议，会议的目标是将这些成熟领域的科学家和医生聚集在一起，重新审视动眼神经和前庭系统的不同组成部分是如何相互作用的，并促进更多的跨学科研究。拟召开的会议名为“眼球运动和前庭系统的进展”，是神经运动控制学会年会的卫星，将于2010年4月18日至20日在佛罗里达州那不勒斯的那不勒斯海滩酒店举行。该特别课程将重点介绍眼动和/或前庭系统方面的四个新兴课题。首先，我们将重新评估上丘的作用。我们将研究感觉信号是否与颜色相关(传统上，它们被认为不是)，并探讨其运动指令是否编码预期目标或实际运动矢量的争议。第二，我们将考虑皮质和皮质下结构在视觉认知中的作用。将展示使用视觉、眼球运动和前庭线索来洞察注意力、目标选择和空间定向的研究。第三，内部模型框架成为另一个新兴话题。眼球运动系统是研究内部模型的理想模型系统，因为眼球运动的准确反应，以及通过干扰它们可以获得的洞察力。前庭系统也因其用于研究传出复制概念而备受瞩目。小脑已经被提议作为内部模型的中心，解决这一假说的研究将被强调。最后，我们将强调最近临床医生和计算科学家在模拟几种眼球运动障碍的病理生理学方面的合作努力。本方法的一个独特之处在于将功能障碍归因于特定的细胞膜属性，而不是传统的将普通病变归因于动眼结构的观点。除了专题会议外，奖学金获得者和其他与会者还将有机会展示他们的研究海报。总体而言，我们的目标是创造一个充满科学活力的氛围，将经常不在同一地点的想法和调查人员聚集在一起。 公共卫生相关性：眼球运动和前庭系统的障碍包括斜视、眼球震颤、眩晕和姿势失衡。这些系统的贡献反映在运动控制疾病(帕金森氏症、斜颈)、感觉综合征(眩晕)和认知缺陷(空间忽视)上。其他疾病，如先天性纤维化，也会改变眼外肌本身的机械特性。因此，动眼神经和前庭系统与健康密切相关。