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Neural Control of Interceptive Movements

拦截运动的神经控制

基本信息

批准号：
9910402
负责人：
Neeraj J Gandhi
金额：
$ 38.09万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-05-01 至 2022-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9910402
关键词：
Algorithms Anterior Architecture Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Biologic Development Biological Markers Biological Models Brain Brain Stem Computational algorithm Computer Models Diagnosis Distributional Activity Electrodes Elements Equilibrium Eye Movements Future Gaussian model Generations Goals Intercept Investigation Location Mediating Methods Modeling Motion Motor Movement Neuraxis Neurons Normal Statistical Distribution Pattern Population Positioning Attribute Property Reporting Research Retina Role Saccades Schizophrenia Sensory Site Spatial Distribution Speed Stimulus Strabismus Structure Synapses Tail Testing Visual Weight Width base eye velocity innovation insight interest logarithm mild traumatic brain injury motility disorder motor control neural network neural prosthesis neuromechanism neurophysiology neuropsychiatric disorder neuroregulation non-Gaussian model non-linear transformation nonhuman primate oculomotor predictive modeling relating to nervous system response spatiotemporal superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina targeted imaging vector visual map visual motor

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY A high-velocity eye movement or saccade is typically the first motor action we make to orient to an object of interest. While the neural mechanisms of saccade generation to stationary targets have been thoroughly investigated, very little is known about the neural control of interceptive saccades that acquire moving targets. Current dogma based on studies of saccades to stationary targets states that the visual and motor bursts in the superior colliculus (SC), a major hub in the oculomotor neuraxis, are represented as Gaussians; that the population activity is centered at the site encoding the target location and, equivalently, desired saccade vector; that its width remains invariant across different target locations and saccade vectors; and that these spatial features emerge from a balance of excitation and inhibition mediated through intrinsic, intra-laminar connectivity. Fundamentally non-overlapping mechanisms must be involved when the target is moving, because accurate interception can only occur if target velocity information is incorporated in the saccade command. We reason that as a moving target’s image streaks across the retina, activity sweeps across the SC too. We hypothesize that the population activity, which starts as a Gaussian to represent the initial visual response, becomes skewed as it sweeps across the SC; that the extent to which SC population activity is modified depends on the intra-laminar connectivity weights, the logarithmic map of visual space in SC, and target speed; that the altered spatial distribution persists during the peri-movement burst; and that an appropriate computational algorithm must be able to decode the saccade goal from the skewed population response. We propose to test these hypotheses using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Specific Aim 1 will employ an innovative method for simultaneously recording neural activity of many SC neurons within a functional layer in nonhuman primates performing oculomotor tasks and compare the spatiotemporal properties of population activity during saccades to stationary and moving targets (different speeds and directions). Specific Aim 2 will construct a computational model that simulates population activity in SC and associated saccades to stationary and moving targets. We will employ a distributed architecture for the superficial and deeper layers of the SC and a lumped block-diagram circuit for the brainstem burst generator elements, like that done by Arai and colleagues (Neural Networks, 7:1115-1135, 1994). Collectively, these projects will provide an in-depth insight into the mechanisms for generation of interceptive saccades and enable a comparison with mechanisms of saccades to stationary targets.

项目总结