Random shRNA Selection

描述（由申请人提供）：在小RNA治疗和生物学工具开发中使用RNA干扰（RNAi）的现有范例是使用短发夹环RNA（shRNA）或短干扰RNA（siRNA）干扰单个基因的表达。这种现有的“单基因干扰”范式，我们试图挑战，来自使用shRNA或siRNA作为研究工具，以深入了解感兴趣的蛋白质的可能功能。然而，最有效的内源性微小RNA（miRNAs）（shRNAs和siRNAs以其为模型）通过7-8个核苷酸的“种子序列”匹配同时靶向数百个mRNA。因此，毫不奇怪，开发基于干扰单个基因表达的小RNA疗法和生物工具的努力受到“脱靶”效应的困扰，这可能导致不良的治疗指数。此外，最近已显示miRNA直接激活以及干扰基因表达。控制这种“RNA激活”（RNAa）的规则尚不清楚。事实上，小RNA靶点和效应的完整范围才刚刚开始被认识。为了充分利用开发小RNA治疗和生物工具的潜力，包括多基因靶向和RNA激活，需要一种根本不同的方法。考虑到这一点，我们设计并合成了第一个在核苷酸水平上完全随机的shRNA表达文库。使用我们的文库进行的基于细胞的筛选测定在作用机制方面是无偏的-实际上，我们让细胞告诉我们哪些小RNA是最有效和毒性最小的。可以使用选择测定和合并方法在单个组织培养皿中筛选数十万个随机shRNA。因为只有大约20，000个可能的种子序列（对于典型的RNAi），并且因为shRNA是生物活性分子，所以命中序列总是存在的。通过随机诱变和再筛选来优化初始命中序列是直接的。我们的方法使我们能够识别出最有效，毒性最小的小RNA，用作治疗或生物工具。我们建议使用我们的库来识别和优化用于干细胞诱导和细胞分化的shRNA序列。我们鉴定和优化的文库序列可以从载体中表达为shRNA，或者作为siRNA转染到细胞中，其在没有基因组整合的情况下发挥其作用。Nanog和Oct 4的报告基因构建体将用于鉴定干细胞诱导的shRNA，NKX 2 -5和Ngn 3的报告基因构建体将分别用于鉴定心脏和β细胞分化的shRNA。通过微阵列和/或蛋白质组学分析的分析将用于鉴定独特的靶基因组。 公共卫生相关性：该提案描述了一种使用在核苷酸水平上完全随机的shRNA表达文库来开发新的治疗和生物工具的方法。这种方法对基于干细胞和感染性疾病疗法的发展具有影响，并且与公共卫生高度相关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The existing paradigm for the use of RNA interference (RNAi) in the development of small-RNA therapeutics and biologic tools is to interfere with the expression of a single gene using a short-hairpin-loop RNA (shRNA) or short-interfering RNA (siRNA). This existing "single-gene-interference" paradigm, which we seek to challenge, derives from the use of shRNAs or siRNAs as research tools to gain insights into the possible functions of proteins of interest. However, the most potent endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs), on which shRNAs and siRNAs are modeled, target hundreds of mRNAs simultaneously through "seed-sequence" matches of 7-8 nucleotides. Not surprisingly, therefore, efforts to develop small-RNA therapeutics and biologic tools based on interfering with the expression of single genes are plagued by "off-target" effects, which are likely to result in poor therapeutic indices. In addition, miRNAs have recently been shown to directly activate, as well as interfere with, gene expression. The rules governing this "RNA activation" (RNAa) are unknown. Indeed, the complete range of small-RNA targets and effects is only beginning to be appreciated. To harness the full potential for the development of small-RNA therapeutics and biologic tools, including multi-gene targeting and RNA activation, a fundamentally different approach is needed. With this in mind, we designed and synthesized the first shRNA-expressing library that is completely random at the nucleotide level. Cell-based screening assays using our library are unbiased with respect to mechanism(s) of action - in effect, we let the cells tell us which small RNAs are the most effective and least toxic. Hundreds of thousands of random shRNAs can be screened in a single tissue- culture dish using selection assays and a pooled approach. Because there are only approximately 20,000 possible seed sequences (for canonical RNAi), and because shRNAs are bio-active molecules, hit sequences are invariably present. Optimization of initial hit sequences, by random mutagenesis and re-screening, is straightforward. Our approach allows us to identify the most effective, and least toxic, small RNAs to be used as therapeutics or biologic tools. We propose to use our library to identify and optimize shRNA sequences for stem-cell induction and for cell differentiation. Library sequences that we identify and optimize could be expressed from vectors as shRNAs, or transfected into cells as siRNAs, which exert their effects without genomic integration. Reporter constructs for Nanog and Oct4 will be used to identify shRNAs for stem-cell induction, and reporter constructs for NKX2-5 and Ngn3 will be used to identify shRNAs for cardiac and beta-cell differentiation, respectively. Profiling by microarray and/or proteomic analysis will be used to identify unique target gene sets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal describes an approach to develop novel therapeutics and biologic tools using an shRNA- expressing library that is completely random at the nucleotide level. This approach has implications for the development of stem-cell-based and infectious-disease therapeutics, and is highly relevant to public health.