A High Resolution and High Sensitivity Dedicated Mouse Brain PET Scanner

高分辨率、高灵敏度专用小鼠大脑 PET 扫描仪

• 批准号: 7986201
• 负责人: YONGFENG YANG
• 金额: $ 43.21万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7986201
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Age; Aging; Algorithms; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Beds; Binding; Biological Models; Brain; Brain imaging; Caliber; Cerebrum; Clinical; Data; Development; Dimensions; Disease model; Dopamine D2 Receptor; Electronics; Epilepsy; Evaluation; Exhibits; Funding; Future; Generations; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Image; Laboratories; Lead; Light; Lutetium; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Motion; Mus; Names; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Noise; Output; Parkinson Disease; Peptides; Performance; Photons; Physics; Positioning Attribute; Positron; Positron-Emission Tomography; Printing; Publishing; Qualifying; Quantitative Autoradiography; Raclopride; Rattus; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Rotation; Sampling; Side; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Stroke; System; Technology; Testing; Thick; Time; Transgenic Mice; attenuation; base; cost; data acquisition; design; detector; electronic data; flexibility; fluorodeoxyglucose; gene therapy; glucose metabolism; image reconstruction; improved; in vivo; innovation; molecular imaging; mouse model; nanoparticle; nervous system disorder; novel; novel therapeutics; pre-clinical; prototype; public health relevance; reconstruction; research study; response; simulation; small molecule; solid state

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The performance of available small animal PET scanners continues to be detector rather than physics limited. Significant improvements in the sensitivity and spatial resolution of a small animal PET scanner would not only improve the quantification of signals that we are currently able to visualize (by reducing partial volume effects and increasing signal-to-noise) but would also open up important new applications that are beyond the reach of contemporary animal PET systems. The goal of the original application was to develop depth-encoding PET detectors that simultaneously exhibit high spatial resolution and high efficiency by using dual-ended readout of high-efficiency and finely pixelated scintillator arrays with position sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). During the fourth year of the current grant, we have successfully developed both rectangular and tapered lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) arrays with crystal sizes down to 0.5 mm, very high efficiency (20 mm thick detectors) and a depth of interaction (DOI) resolution of ~ 2 mm. A prototype PET scanner was developed using these depth encoding detectors and it was shown that detector efficiency, spatial resolution and spatial resolution uniformity can be greatly improved by using our new detectors compared with the detectors used in commercial small-animal PET systems. The aims of this renewal are to apply this detector technology and develop a high spatial resolution (~0.5 mm) and high sensitivity (~20%) preclinical PET scanner designed for molecular imaging studies in the mouse brain. The proposed research plan will also involve developing novel data correction and image reconstruction algorithms to fully utilize the high spatial and DOI capabilities of these detectors and to apply the scanner for selected proof-of-concept mouse brain imaging studies. The goals of this proposal are 1) to develop electronics and data acquisition for the proposed scanner; 2) to develop depth encoding detectors with even smaller crystal size; 3) to measure the contributions of positron range and photon acolinearity to the spatial resolution of a PET scanner; 4) to simulate whether gantry rotation and continuous bed motion will improve the image quality of the proposed scanner; 5) to construct the proposed PET scanner; 6) to develop reconstruction and correction algorithms for the scanner; 7) to evaluate the performance of the scanner; 8) to perform selected in-vivo mouse brain imaging studies. The overall impact of this proposal is that it will lead to a preclinical PET scanner based on novel depth- encoding solid state detectors and tapered scintillator arrays that provides an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution and sensitivity for molecular imaging of the mouse brain. This will open up new opportunities for quantitative molecular imaging studies of development and aging, studies of murine disease models (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and neurodevelopmental disorders to name but a few), and monitoring of novel therapeutic strategies based on small molecules, peptides, nanoparticles, gene therapies or cellular therapies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal seeks to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner that has an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution and sensitivity for imaging the mouse brain. The innovation in this scanner is the use of thick depth-encoding detectors arranged in a small ring diameter to increase the sensitivity and the use of tapered scintillator arrays to further increase the sensitivity. High spatial resolution is achieved by using arrays with very small crystal size and high depth-of-interaction resolution. This scanner will drastically improve the capability of PET to aid in the understanding and treatment of major neurological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy.

描述（由申请人提供）：现有小动物 PET 扫描仪的性能仍然受到探测器而非物理因素的限制。小动物 PET 扫描仪灵敏度和空间分辨率的显着提高不仅会提高我们目前能够可视化的信号的量化（通过减少部分体积效应和提高信噪比），而且还会开辟当代动物 PET 系统无法企及的重要新应用。最初应用的目标是开发深度编码 PET 探测器，通过使用带有位置敏感雪崩光电二极管 (PSAPD) 的高效精细像素化闪烁体阵列的双端读出，同时表现出高空间分辨率和高效率。在当前资助的第四年，我们成功开发了矩形和锥形正硅酸镥 (LSO) 阵列，晶体尺寸小至 0.5 毫米，效率非常高（探测器厚 20 毫米），交互深度 (DOI) 分辨率约为 2 毫米。使用这些深度编码探测器开发了原型 PET 扫描仪，结果表明，与商业小动物 PET 系统中使用的探测器相比，使用我们的新型探测器可以大大提高探测器效率、空间分辨率和空间分辨率均匀性。此次更新的目的是应用这种探测器技术并开发一种高空间分辨率（约 0.5 毫米）和高灵敏度（约 20%）的临床前 PET 扫描仪，专为小鼠大脑的分子成像研究而设计。拟议的研究计划还将涉及开发新颖的数据校正和图像重建算法，以充分利用这些探测器的高空间和 DOI 功能，并将扫描仪应用于选定的概念验证小鼠大脑成像研究。该提案的目标是 1) 为拟议的扫描仪开发电子设备和数据采集； 2）开发晶体尺寸更小的深度编码探测器； 3) 测量正电子射程和光子共线性对 PET 扫描仪空间分辨率的贡献； 4）模拟龙门旋转和连续床运动是否会提高所提出的扫描仪的图像质量； 5) 构建所提出的 PET 扫描仪； 6）开发扫描仪的重建和校正算法； 7) 评估扫描仪的性能； 8) 进行选定的体内小鼠脑成像研究。该提案的总体影响在于，它将催生一种基于新型深度编码固态探测器和锥形闪烁体阵列的临床前 PET 扫描仪，为小鼠大脑的分子成像提供前所未有的空间分辨率和灵敏度组合。这将为发育和衰老的定量分子成像研究、小鼠疾病模型（阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、中风和神经发育障碍等）的研究以及基于小分子、肽、纳米粒子、基因疗法或细胞疗法的新型治疗策略的监测开辟新的机会。 公共健康相关性：该提案旨在开发一种正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 扫描仪，该扫描仪将空间分辨率和灵敏度前所未有地结合在一起，用于对小鼠大脑进行成像。该扫描仪的创新之处在于使用排列在小环直径中的厚深度编码探测器来提高灵敏度，并使用锥形闪烁体阵列来进一步提高灵敏度。通过使用具有非常小的晶体尺寸和高相互作用深度分辨率的阵列来实现高空间分辨率。该扫描仪将大大提高 PET 的能力，以帮助了解和治疗主要神经系统疾病和疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、中风和癫痫。