Patterned electrical stimulation of the retina for high-resolution prostheses

用于高分辨率假体的视网膜图案化电刺激

• 批准号: 8188104
• 负责人: EDUARDO CHICHILNISKY
• 金额: $ 43.89万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8188104
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Advanced Development; Affect; Axon; Blindness; Brain; Cell Density; Cells; Complex; Data; Development; Devices; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Foundations; Future; Goals; Human; In Vitro; Individual; Knowledge; Linear Models; Macaca; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Population; Primates; Prosthesis; Rattus; Reaction Time; Research; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Signal Transduction; Solutions; Stimulus; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Transgenic Organisms; Vision; Visual; Work; blind; cell type; density; design; electric field; experience; ganglion cell; mutant; new technology; next generation; object motion; object recognition; prototype; receptive field; response; retinal prosthesis; spatiotemporal; transmission process; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of my research are to understand the visual signaling function of the retina and to exploit this knowledge for the treatment of blindness. The major goal of the proposed work is to develop techniques for precise, patterned multi-electrode stimulation of the retina, with the purpose of advancing the development of high-resolution retinal prosthetic devices to replace the function of retinas damaged by degeneration. The specific aims involve (1) evoking electrical activity in the major high-resolution ganglion cell types of the primate retina, as well as several ganglion cell types in the degenerating rat retina, (2) selectively stimulating individual cells to achieve the elementary spatial and temporal resolution of normal visual signals transmitted to the brain while avoiding stimulation of axons, over a range of retinal eccentricities, and (3) evoking spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of activity in populations of ganglion cells that can mimic the complex visual signals normally transmitted to the brain. We will apply our unique technology to simultaneously and independently stimulate and record from many ganglion cells in vitro, using an array of electrodes comparable to but much smaller and denser than those used in current retinal prosthetics. We will exploit this technology to develop new methods for focal and patterned stimulation to mimic visual signals, including development of novel technologies to target the central retina. We will also leverage our experience with the primate retina and the P23H mutant rat model of retinal degeneration to maximize the relevance of the findings for treating blindness. Our vision is that the work will aid the design of the next generation of retinal prosthetic devices to support advanced visual functions such as object recognition and motion sensing in human patients. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of the proposed work is to advance the development of high-resolution retinal prosthetic devices to treat blindness, using electrophysiological recording and stimulation of the primate and degenerating retina in vitro. Our approach leverages a specialized multi-electrode recording and stimulation technology designed to resemble future prosthetic devices, with an emphasis on emulating naturalistic visual signals and interfacing with the parallel pathways for high-resolution vision in primates. This unique approach will further the design of the next generation of retinal prostheses -- devices that can support advanced visual functions such as object recognition and motion sensing in human patients.

描述（由申请人提供）：我的研究的长期目标是了解视网膜的视觉信号功能，并利用这些知识治疗失明。拟议工作的主要目标是开发用于视网膜的精确、图案化多电极刺激的技术，目的是推进高分辨率视网膜假体设备的开发，以取代因变性而受损的视网膜功能。具体目的包括（1）在灵长类视网膜的主要高分辨率神经节细胞类型以及退化大鼠视网膜中的几种神经节细胞类型中引起电活动，（2）在视网膜偏心率的范围内，选择性地刺激单个细胞以实现传输到大脑的正常视觉信号的基本空间和时间分辨率，同时避免刺激轴突，以及（3）在神经节细胞群中唤起空间和时空活动模式，其可以模拟通常传输到大脑的复杂视觉信号。我们将应用我们独特的技术，在体外同时独立地刺激和记录许多神经节细胞，使用一系列电极，这些电极与目前视网膜修复术中使用的电极相当，但要小得多，密度也要大得多。我们将利用这项技术来开发新的方法，用于焦点和模式刺激来模拟视觉信号，包括开发针对中央视网膜的新技术。我们还将利用我们在灵长类动物视网膜和视网膜变性P23 H突变大鼠模型方面的经验，最大限度地提高这些发现与治疗失明的相关性。我们的愿景是，这项工作将有助于设计下一代视网膜假体设备，以支持人类患者的物体识别和运动感知等高级视觉功能。 公共卫生相关性：拟议工作的目标是推进高分辨率视网膜假体设备的开发，以治疗失明，使用电生理记录和刺激灵长类动物和退化的视网膜在体外。我们的方法利用了专门的多电极记录和刺激技术，旨在模拟未来的假体设备，重点是模拟自然的视觉信号，并与灵长类动物的高分辨率视觉的平行通路相连接。这种独特的方法将进一步推动下一代视网膜假体的设计，这些设备可以支持人类患者的物体识别和运动感知等高级视觉功能。