Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World

描述（由申请人提供）：由于研究其复杂机制的许多亚专业科学家的共同努力，眼神经系统可以说是最好理解的运动控制系统。传统上，眼科研究人员从特定的技术观点（例如神经生理学）孤立地研究每个眼科子系统，但最近有一种推动力，追求系统的集成方法，并探索眼科系统如何与控制头部，身体甚至手臂的系统集成。此外，该领域已经开始利用开发的方法来研究眼球运动作为理解CNS决策过程的工具。2005年，我们举办了第一届眼视系统戈登研究会议（GRC），题为眼视系统生物学。由于第一次会议的成功举行，2007年全球红十字会又赞助了一次会议。2007年会议的重点是眼外周边，整合眼和前庭子系统，认知过程和神经行为学。这次会议非常富有成效，为处理该领域有争议的问题提供了一个论坛，并在与会者之间开展了新的合作。我们希望在2011年的第三届眼动戈登会议上抓住同样的精神：眼动：看到世界的运动系统。本次会议的主题包括：1.眼动作为注意力，感知和决策机制的探针，其中扬声器的将探讨如何眼视系统现在被用作一种工具，探索视觉感官信息在决策过程中的利用机制; 2。眼动之间的相互作用，探讨微眼跳这一研究较少的领域的特点和控制机制;健康和疾病中的中枢和外周眼神经子系统，将评估有关外周感觉和运动过程在控制眼睛方向中的作用的新发现，以及斜视等疾病背景下上下运动神经元的作用; 4.运动学习，校准，可塑性和奖励在眼系统中，其中小脑和基底神经节在调节和加强眼行为的表现中的作用将被探索;和5。了解眼神经回路的新方法，范围从使用切片制备和遗传修饰的研究到使用非传统动物模型的研究。因此，该提案要求支持召开一次会议，其目标是将科学家和医生聚集在一起，重新审视眼科系统的不同组成部分如何相互作用，并促进跨学科研究的增加。在NIH的支持下，我们将汇集很少居住在同一地点的想法和研究人员，努力将该领域推向新的方向。 公共卫生相关性：眼球运动系统疾病包括斜视、眼球震颤和核间性眼肌麻痹。此外，在许多运动控制疾病（帕金森氏病、斜颈）、感觉综合征（眩晕）中，以及作为认知缺陷（空间忽视）的结果，眼球反应受到干扰。其他疾病，如先天性纤维化，可以改变眼外肌本身的机械特性。因此，激励和指导关于眼动系统如何在健康和疾病中发挥作用的综合性前沿研究，这是本次会议的主要目标，眼动：看到世界的运动系统，对公共卫生具有巨大的意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system due to the combined efforts of scientists in numerous subspecialties who have studied its complex mechanisms. Traditionally, oculomotor researchers have investigated each oculomotor subsystems in isolation, and from a specific technical view point (e.g. neurophysiology), but recently has there been a push to pursue an integrated approach to the system, and to explore how the oculomotor system integrates with systems controlling the head, body and even arms. Moreover, the field has begun to utilize approaches developed to study eye movements as a tool to understand CNS decision making processes. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, entitled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in another sponsorship by the GRC in 2007. The emphasis of the 2007 meeting was on the extraocular periphery, integration of oculomotor and vestibular subsystems, cognitive processes, and neuroethology. This conference was extremely productive, providing a forum for dealing with controversial issues in the field, and engendering new collaborations amongst the participants. We hope to capture this same spirit with a third oculomotor Gordon Conference: Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World in 2011. This meeting's themes will include: 1. Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's will explore how the oculomotor system is now used as a tool to explore the mechanism by which visual sensory information is utilized in the decision making process; 2. The Action between Eye Movements, which will explore the characteristics and control mechanisms for the little studied field of microsaccades; 3. Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which will evaluate new findings about the role of peripheral sensory and motor processes in controlling eye orientation, as well as the actions of lower and upper motoneurons within the context of diseases like strabismus; 4. Motor Learning, Calibration, Plasticity, and Reward in the Oculomotor System, in which the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in adjusting the performance of, and reinforcing oculomotor behaviors will be explored; and 5. Novel Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Circuits, which will range from studies using slice preparations and genetic modifications, to studies utilizing non-traditional animal models. Thus, this proposal requests support for a conference, whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to take a fresh look at how the diverse components of the oculomotor system interact, and to stimulate increased interdisciplinary research. With the support of NIH we will bring together ideas and investigators that rarely inhabit the same venue in an effort to advance the field in new directions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of eye movement systems include strabismus, nystagmus and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Moreover, oculomotor responses are disturbed in many motor control diseases (Parkinson's, torticollis), sensory syndromes (vertigo), and as a consequence of cognitive deficits (spatial neglect). Other disorders, such as congenital fibrosis, can alter the mechanical properties of the extraocular muscle itself. Consequently, energizing and directing integrated, cutting edge research on how the oculomotor system functions in health and disease, which is the primary goal of this meeting, Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World, is of immense relevance to public health.