Development of Frequency Resolution in Infancy

婴儿期频率分辨率的发展

• 批准号: 8080305
• 负责人: Lynne A. Werner
• 金额: $ 30.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-06-01 至 2012-07-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8080305
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Age; Auditory; Behavior; Characteristics; Child; Code; Complex; Cues; Detection; Development; Disadvantaged; Ear; Environment; Frequencies; Gender; Goals; Hearing; Infant; Laboratories; Language; Learning; Life; Masks; Measures; Methods; Noise; Perception; Peripheral; Play; Policies; Predisposition; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Psychophysiology; Research; Resolution; Series; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Testing; Time; Variant; Work; base; behavior test; design; infancy; postnatal; programs; research study; sound; stem

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to understand the development of auditory behavior during infancy. The the proposed work will determine how infants separate sounds from background noise and whether immature sound source separation contributes to intants' susceptibility to interference from competing sounds. Psychophysical methods and a rigorous behavior test procedure will be used to evaluate infants' perception, and to compare infants to adults. The initial studies proposed will use easily controlled sounds, tones and noises, to study sound source separation. In a final series of studies, these processes will be studies in infants' speech perception. The first specific aim is to describe the charactersitics of sounds that infants use to separate one sound from others. Infants and adults will be compared on their ability to detect a sound in the presence of sounds that vary randomly over time and in the presence of sounds that remain constant over time. A set of carefully characerized sounds will be used in a series of studies into the differences between sounds that allow them to be separated by infants and adults. The second specific aim is to determine how interference that takes place between sounds as they are coded in the ear and interference that arises in the central processing of sounds combine to interfere with the perceptual separation of sounds. Infants' and adults' ability to hear a target sound in the presence of interfering sounds will be exmined for interfering sounds that differ systematically in the types and amounts of interference they create. The third specific aim is to determine whether the principles of infant sound source separation identified in the initial proposed studies generalize to infants' separation of speech from competing sounds. Infants' ability to discrminate between vowels and between consonants will be assessed in the presence of constant sounds, sounds that vary over time and sounds that vary in their similarity to speech. The results of the proposed studies will show us how infants differ from adults in hearing and allow us to design appropriate programs for helping hearing-impaired infants to learn speech and language. These studies will also inform policy related to the acceptable levels of noise in places where infants and children live, play and learn.

描述(由申请者提供)：本项目的长期目标是了解婴儿期听觉行为的发展。这项拟议的工作将确定婴儿如何将声音从背景噪音中分离出来，以及不成熟的声源分离是否会导致婴儿更容易受到竞争声音的干扰。将使用心理物理方法和严格的行为测试程序来评估婴儿的知觉，并将婴儿与成年人进行比较。拟议的初步研究将使用易于控制的声音、音调和噪音来研究声源分离。在最后一系列研究中，这些过程将研究婴儿的言语感知。第一个具体目标是描述婴儿用来区分一种声音和其他声音的声音的特征。研究人员将对婴儿和成年人在存在随时间随机变化的声音和存在随时间保持不变的声音的情况下探测声音的能力进行比较。一组仔细区分的声音将被用于一系列研究，以区分婴儿和成年人之间的声音差异。第二个具体目标是确定声音在耳朵中编码时发生的干扰和在声音的中央处理中产生的干扰如何组合在一起干扰声音的感知分离。婴儿和成年人在干扰声音存在的情况下听到目标声音的能力将被剥夺，因为干扰声音造成的干扰类型和数量有系统地不同。第三个具体目标是确定最初拟议研究中确定的婴儿声源分离原则是否适用于婴儿语音与竞争声音的分离。婴儿区分元音和辅音的能力将在存在恒定的声音、随时间变化的声音和与语音相似的声音的情况下进行评估。拟议的研究结果将向我们展示婴儿与成年人在听力方面的不同之处，并使我们能够设计适当的计划，帮助听力受损的婴儿学习言语和语言。这些研究还将为有关婴儿和儿童生活、玩耍和学习场所可接受的噪音水平的政策提供信息。