Co-Development of Neurocognitive and Physiological Indicators of Self-Regulation

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究旨在通过利用自我调节的神经认知和生理测量，并在显著可塑性（神经和行为）和快速CMS发展期间检查其共同发展，来提高我们对自我调节及其在新兴心理健康问题中的作用的理解。努力控制（EC）和呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）分别是认知和情绪调节的指标。尽管有确凿的证据表明，这些组成部分的自我调节是相互关联的，几乎没有研究探讨共同发展的EC和RSA的幼儿。具体来说，很少有研究探讨EC和RSA如何发展，预测，并可能随着时间的推移相互塑造。研究EC发展中的个体差异如何预测RSA的变化，反之亦然，可能会澄清注意力、行为和/或情绪调节的特定缺陷是如何发展的。低EC和RSA与心理健康问题有关，包括焦虑，抑郁和外化问题。研究自我调节的神经认知和生理指标如何预测幼儿同时和以后的心理健康问题，可能会发现精神病理学发展的关键机制，并指出潜在的干预目标。这项研究将在三个时间点评估174个有3岁孩子的家庭。三分之二的样本将是低收入或贫困家庭。与低收入和贫困环境相关的压力将增加儿童情绪和行为问题的发生率，并观察到非典型的自我调节发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study seeks to improve our understanding of self-regulation and its role in emerging mental health problems by utilizing neurocognitive and physiological measures of self-regulation and examining their co- development during a period of marked plasticity (both neural and behavioral) and rapid CMS development. Effortful control (EC) and respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) are indicators of cognitive and emotion regulation, respectively. Despite solid evidence that these components of self-regulation are interrelated, there is almost no research examining the co-development of EC and RSA in young children. Specifically, there is little research examining how EC and RSA develop, predict, and potentially shape one another over time. Examining how individual differences in the development of EC predict changes in RSA, and vice versa, might clarify how particular deficits of attention, behavioral and/or emotional regulation develop. Low EC and RSA have been linked to mental health problems including anxiety, depression, and externalizing problems. Examining how neurocognitive and physiological indicators of self-regulation predict concurrent and later mental health problems in young children may identify key mechanisms in the development of psychopathology, and point to potential targets of intervention. The proposed research will assess 174 families with 3 year old children across three time points. Two thirds of the sample will be families of low-income or poverty backgrounds. Strains associated with low- income and poverty environments will increase the incidence of emotional and behavioral problems in children and observation of atypical self-regulatory development.