Quality Substitution Among Heavy and AUD Drinkers and Alcohol Tax Policy

重度饮酒者和澳元饮酒者的质量替代以及酒精税政策

• 批准号: 8138254
• 负责人: JOHN A RICH
• 金额: $ 11.92万
• 依托单位: DREXEL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-05 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8138254
• 关键词: Accounting; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; American; Area; Behavior; Beverages; Binding; Characteristics; Code; Commerce; Consumption; Data; Effectiveness; Elasticity; Environment; Epidemiology; Equation; Ethnic Origin; Expenditure; Future; Gender; Heavy Drinking; Incentives; Individual; Link; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Pattern; Policies; Price; Race; Recommendation; Relative (related person); Research; Sample Size; Source; Specific qualifier value; Subgroup; Surveys; Taxation; Taxes; Testing; Update; age group; alcohol content; alcohol demand; alcohol effect; alcohol policy information system; alcohol use disorder; base; cost; drinking; insight; preference; public health relevance; response; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The study examines the extent to which heavy and AUD drinkers avoid the effects of alcohol tax and price increases by substituting to lower quality-lower priced alcoholic beverages and the effect that such substitution has on alcohol price elasticity estimates and alcohol tax policy. Recent data from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey (NAS) and other sources indicate that heavy drinkers' substitution to lower quality, lower priced beverages is significant and should not be ignored in evaluating the impact of taxation and other price changes on alcohol consumption. Previous studies using individual-level data treated price as outside the control of the consumer (i.e., exogenous). The proposed study specifically investigates the possibility that price is endogenous since beverage quality and drinking context are both self-chosen. This is a previously uninvestigated aspect of alcohol price effects. We link detailed Uniform Price Code (UPC) barcode scanner alcohol price data to detailed nationally representative secondary alcohol consumption data from the 2000/2005 National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) and the 2004-2005 NIAAA National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC II). The 2000/2005 NAS Surveys, which contain detailed information on quality substitution and alcohol expenditures, are used to quantify and bound substitution between and across beverage types and to examine context effects by beverage and drinker type overall and within race, gender and age groups. This information is used to link a range of market prices to the larger NAS and NESARC surveys based on individual alcohol preferences and other characteristics for use in alcohol demand equations. Alcohol demand equations include price, individual characteristics, market characteristics, and measures of the regulatory environment. Specification tests are employed to assure theoretically and empirically valid models of substitution. Substitution effects on price elasticities are subjected to rigorous sensitivity analyses derived from clearly specified theoretical and empirically-determined parameter estimates. We assess the impact of the error in previously used measures of price and of quality substitution and drinking context on "naive" elasticity point estimates also obtained from this study. Implications for alcohol tax policy by beverage and drinker type, race, gender and age group are assessed. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The study examines the extent to which heavy and AUD drinkers avoid the effects of alcohol tax and price increases by substituting to lower quality-lower priced alcoholic beverages and the effect that such substitution has on alcohol price elasticity estimates and alcohol tax policy. Data from the 2002/2005 National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) and the 2004-2005 NIAAA National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC II) are used. Implications for alcohol tax policy by beverage and drinker type, race, gender and age group are assessed.

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究考察了重度饮酒者和澳元饮酒者在多大程度上通过替代低质量、低价格的酒精饮料来避免酒精税和价格上涨的影响，以及这种替代对酒精价格弹性估计和酒精税收政策的影响。2000年全国酒精调查（NAS）和其他来源的最新数据表明，重度饮酒者对低质量、低价格饮料的替代是重要的，在评估税收和其他价格变化对酒精消费的影响时不应忽视这一点。以前使用个人水平数据的研究将价格视为消费者控制之外的（即外生的）。该研究特别调查了价格是内生的可能性，因为饮料质量和饮用环境都是自我选择的。这是酒精价格影响的一个以前未被调查的方面。我们将详细的统一价格代码（UPC）条形码扫描仪酒精价格数据与2000/2005年全国酒精调查（NAS）和2004-2005年NIAAA全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查（NESARC II）中详细的全国代表性二次酒精消费数据联系起来。2000/2005年NAS调查包含关于质量替代和酒精支出的详细信息，用于量化和限制饮料类型之间和不同饮料类型之间的替代，并在总体上以及种族、性别和年龄组内检查饮料和饮酒者类型的环境影响。该信息用于将一系列市场价格与基于个人酒精偏好和用于酒精需求方程的其他特征的更大的NAS和NESARC调查联系起来。酒精需求方程包括价格、个人特征、市场特征和监管环境措施。采用规格检验来保证替代模型在理论和经验上的有效性。对价格弹性的替代效应受到严格的敏感性分析，这些分析来自明确规定的理论和经验确定的参数估计。我们评估了先前使用的价格和质量替代措施的误差以及饮用环境对从本研究中获得的“幼稚”弹性点估计的影响。评估了饮料和饮酒者类型、种族、性别和年龄组对酒精税政策的影响。公共卫生相关性：该研究考察了重度饮酒者和AUD饮酒者在多大程度上通过替代低质量、低价格的酒精饮料来避免酒精税和价格上涨的影响，以及这种替代对酒精价格弹性估计和酒精税收政策的影响。使用了2002/2005年全国酒精调查（NAS）和2004-2005年NIAAA全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查（NESARC II）的数据。评估了饮料和饮酒者类型、种族、性别和年龄组对酒精税政策的影响。