A Fall Protection System for Residential Construction Considering Usability and W

考虑可用性和实用性的住宅建筑坠落防护系统

• 批准号: 7893301
• 负责人: Daniel P Hindman
• 金额: $ 18.7万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7893301
• 关键词: Fall; Protection; System; Residential; Construction

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls from elevation are one of the most prevalent causes of fatalities and injuries on construction sites. Many of these incidents occur on residential construction sites, where fall heights are relatively low (usually 30 feet or less) and the use of personal protective technologies (PPT) related to fall protection is not common. OSHA 1926 Subpart M contains an exemption for the use of PPTs related to falls on residential construction as long as the contractor uses a fall protection plan. The reasoning behind this exemption is to prevent undo financial burdens on small contractors and to not tie-off to points on a wooden structures which may not meet the standards of OSHA 1926 Subpart M. This difference between residential and commercial construction may suggest that falls are not a concern on residential construction sites, but the Bureau of Labor Statistics metastatistics and recent research demonstrate otherwise. Current residential construction methods, especially for a second story floor, do not lend themselves to providing useful anchorage points using typical equipment. Further use of fall arrest systems (FAS) for low-rise or residential construction faces several barriers including the lack of easy to use equipment, and workers attitudes about safety equipment. Both of these obstacles must be overcome to develop effective safety tools for fall prevention and to increase use compliance. We recently observed an innovative FAS that is currently used in the post frame construction industry. Post frame is a construction system relying on embedded posts and trusses covered with sheathing materials. The workers used a relatively simple set of elements to create anchor and tie-off points on the structure. The FAS did not impede the construction process and in some cases was integrated into the truss elements before they were raised from the ground. The workers for these companies have adopted the system and seem to use it willingly. The purpose of this research is to transfer the FAS observed in the post frame construction area to residential construction given its seemingly more usable design. This will necessitate redesign and further testing of some of the fall arrest elements. Also, measurement of worker attitudes and behavioral observation will be used to correlate safety climate with the implementation of the innovative FAS as well as introducing the concepts of usability. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The outcome of this project will be a simple and usable fall arrest system for residential construction, which has been verified by mechanical testing and improved by the worker usability study. This fall arrest system will have a direct impact upon the safety of construction workers in residential environments. Procedures and methods used suggest ways to incorporate worker usability and opinions into the design of future protective equipment.

描述(申请人提供)：从高处坠落是建筑工地最常见的伤亡原因之一。其中许多事故发生在住宅建筑工地，那里的坠落高度相对较低(通常为30英尺或更低)，使用与坠落保护相关的个人防护技术(PPT)并不常见。OSHA 1926第M分部包含一项豁免，只要承包商使用坠落保护计划，就可以使用与住宅建筑跌倒有关的PPTs。这项豁免背后的理由是防止取消小承包商的财务负担，并且不将点绑在可能不符合OSHA 1926第M分部标准的木结构上。住宅和商业建筑之间的差异可能表明，住宅建筑工地上的跌倒并不是一个令人担忧的问题，但劳工统计局的转移统计和最近的研究表明情况并非如此。目前的住宅建造方法，特别是二层楼层的建造方法，不适合使用典型的设备提供有用的固定点。在低层或住宅建筑中进一步使用防坠落系统(FAS)面临几个障碍，包括缺乏易于使用的设备，以及工人对安全设备的态度。必须克服这两个障碍，才能开发有效的预防跌倒的安全工具，并提高使用合规性。我们最近观察到了一种创新的FAS，目前正用于后框架建筑行业。柱架是一种依靠埋入的柱子和覆盖有护套材料的桁架建造的体系。工人们使用了一组相对简单的元素来在结构上创建锚点和连接点。FAS没有阻碍施工过程，在某些情况下，在桁架构件从地面升起之前就集成到了桁架构件中。这些公司的工人已经采用了这一制度，而且似乎很愿意使用它。这项研究的目的是将在框架后建筑区观察到的FA转移到住宅建筑中，因为它的设计看起来更实用。这将需要重新设计和进一步测试一些防坠落元件。此外，还将使用工人态度和行为观察的测量方法，将安全氛围与创新的FAS的实施联系起来，并引入可用性的概念。 与公共健康相关：该项目的成果将是一个简单且可用的住宅建筑防坠落系统，该系统已通过机械测试得到验证，并通过工人可用性研究进行了改进。这一秋季逮捕制度将直接影响住宅环境中建筑工人的安全。使用的程序和方法建议如何将工人的可用性和意见纳入未来保护设备的设计中。