Improving Vaccinia for Peritoneal Tumors: Enhanced Distribution & Immune Evasion

改善腹膜肿瘤痘苗：增强分布

• 批准号: 8192269
• 负责人: DAVID L BARTLETT
• 金额: $ 31.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8192269
• 关键词: Abdominal Pain; Address; Affect; Antibodies; Ascites; Biological Assay; Blood Circulation; Breathing; CCL19 gene; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; CD8B1 gene; Cancer Patient; Cell surface; Cells; Cessation of life; Clinical; Clinical Management; Clinical Trials; Colon; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Deposition; Distant; Dose; Engineering; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Genes; Goals; Greater sac of peritoneum; IL17 gene; IL4 gene; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Immunocompetent; Immunofluorescence Immunologic; Immunologics; Individual; Infection; Injection of therapeutic agent; Interleukin-10; Intestinal Obstruction; Knockout Mice; Lead; Leucocytic infiltrate; Leukocytes; Life; Lymphocyte; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Membrane; Mesothelioma; Modeling; Mus; Mutate; Mutation; Normal tissue morphology; Oncolytic; Ovarian; Parents; Pathogenicity; Patients; Peritoneal; Phenotype; Poxviridae; Proteins; RANTES; Recovery; Resistance; Safety; Seeds; Site; Surface; T cell response; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Tumor Tissue; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; Vaccinium; Viral; Virus; Vomiting; arm; cancer cell; cellular imaging; chemokine; chemotherapy; clinical application; effective therapy; extracellular; immune clearance; immune function; improved; in vitro Model; in vivo; interest; intraperitoneal; killings; monocyte; mouse model; mutant; neutralizing antibody; novel; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; premature; programs; response; success; treatment strategy; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Novel treatments are warranted for peritoneal surface malignancies (including colon, ovarian, appendiceal, and mesothelioma). We have a comprehensive program for the clinical management of patients with peritoneal surface malignancies and are exploring new therapeutic options. We also have a long standing interest in poxviruses for oncolytic viral therapy, and we previously developed a tumor-selective, replicating oncolytic vaccinia virus for clinical use (vvDD). While vvDD has demonstrated success as a direct injection into patients' tumors, it is limited by the patient's premature immune mediated clearance of the virus. We propose in this project to enhance this vaccinia virus for the treatment of peritoneal tumors, addressing the limitation of premature immune clearance of the virus. We recently discovered that the expression of chemokines, CCL5 or CCL19, leads to prolonged, selective replication in the tumor microenvironment, however, in the normal tissues the chemokine-expressing virus is cleared rapidly. We hypothesize that the CKs (CCL5 or CCL19) secreted from poxvirus-infected cancer cells in the tumor have attracted from circulation a large amount of naive leukocytes including monocytes and lymphocytes. These cells in the tumor microenvironment initiate and sustain strong type 2 immune responses which enable the CCL5 (or CCL19)-expressing virus to persist in the tumor. Pre-existing anti-poxviral immunity also affects the efficacy of vvDD. We have recently demonstrated that an A34R mutation enhances the release of an enveloped form (EEV) of the virus, which may not be recognized by neutralizing antibodies. The A34R mutation has the additional advantage of releasing large quantities of virus from the cell, enhancing the spread of the virus to distant sites. This is especially important in the setting of peritoneal spread, where it is common to have thousands of individual tumor deposits. Thus, we hypothesize that our tumor-selective vvDD, when engineered with an A34R mutation and the appropriate chemokine expression, will result in improved treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies, and overcome important limitations encountered in our clinical trial. Our aims are: (1) Characterize the extent and mechanism of prolonged vvDD replication in vivo when expressing CCL5 and/or CCL19 chemokines, (2) Define the mechanism of prolonged viral replication using in vitro modeling, and gene knockout mouse models, and (3) Arming vvDD with the ability to evade the pre-exisiting anti-poxviral immunity and spread widely throughout the peritoneal cavity, by mutating the A34R gene. With these aims we are confident that we will overcome some of the obstacles to successful viral therapy and be able to move forward with a new clinical trial for patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. The information obtained regarding the immune consequences of chemokine expression in the tumor microenvironment will be important for all viral therapies. The significance of the A34R deletion with enhanced release of the vvDD will be important for all poxvirus clinical applications. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The overall goal of this proposal is to enhance the application of oncolytic, replication- selective vaccinia virus to treat peritoneal surface malignancies, using an A34R mutation and chemokine (CCL5, CCL19) expression. The survival of patients with these tumors is measured in months, and no effective strategies for treatment exist. Patients suffer greatly, with abdominal pain, vomiting, bowel obstruction, ascites, difficulty breathing, inanition and ultimately death. Successful intraperitoneal vaccinia therapy has the potential to improve quality and duration of life, with the chance for long term survival. Understanding the mechanism of action and significance of A34R mutation and the effects of chemokine expression will benefit all types of viral therapies.

描述（由申请人提供）：腹膜表面恶性肿瘤（包括结肠、卵巢、阑尾和间皮瘤）需要新的治疗方法。我们对腹膜表面恶性肿瘤患者的临床管理有一个全面的计划，并正在探索新的治疗选择。我们对用于溶瘤病毒治疗的痘病毒也有长期的兴趣，并且我们之前开发了用于临床使用的肿瘤选择性复制溶瘤痘苗病毒（vvDD）。虽然vvDD作为直接注射到患者肿瘤中已经证明是成功的，但它受到患者过早免疫介导的病毒清除的限制。我们在这个项目中提出增强这种牛痘病毒治疗腹膜肿瘤，解决病毒过早免疫清除的局限性。我们最近发现趋化因子CCL5或CCL19的表达导致肿瘤微环境中长时间的选择性复制，然而，在正常组织中，表达趋化因子的病毒被迅速清除。我们假设肿瘤中痘病毒感染的癌细胞分泌的CCL5或CCL19从循环中吸引了大量的幼稚白细胞，包括单核细胞和淋巴细胞。肿瘤微环境中的这些细胞启动并维持强烈的2型免疫反应，使表达CCL5（或CCL19）的病毒在肿瘤中持续存在。预先存在的抗痘病毒免疫也会影响vvDD的效果。我们最近证明，A34R突变增强了病毒包膜形式（EEV）的释放，这可能不会被中和抗体识别。A34R突变还有一个额外的优点，即从细胞中释放大量病毒，增强病毒向远处的传播。这在腹膜扩散的情况下尤其重要，在腹膜扩散的情况下，通常有数千个单独的肿瘤沉积。因此，我们假设我们的肿瘤选择性vvDD，当与A34R突变和适当的趋化因子表达工程化时，将导致改善腹膜表面恶性肿瘤的治疗，并克服我们临床试验中遇到的重要局限性。我们的目标是：(1)描述表达CCL5和/或CCL19趋化因子时，vvDD在体内延长复制的程度和机制；(2)通过体外建模和基因敲除小鼠模型确定病毒延长复制的机制；(3)通过突变A34R基因，使vvDD具有逃避预先存在的抗痘病毒免疫并在腹腔内广泛传播的能力。有了这些目标，我们相信我们将克服成功的病毒治疗的一些障碍，并能够推进腹膜表面恶性肿瘤患者的新临床试验。获得的关于趋化因子在肿瘤微环境中表达的免疫后果的信息对于所有病毒治疗都是重要的。A34R缺失与增强vvDD释放的意义对于所有痘病毒临床应用都是重要的。