Chloride Channel Involvement in Diabetes

描述（由申请人提供）：我们先前已经表明，β细胞颗粒引发和分泌需要通过氯离子通道ClC 3的颗粒Cl-通量。当ClC-3在质膜中表达时，其门控需要通过多功能钙、钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II（CaMKII）进行磷酸化。本申请中的实验将研究CaMKII通过相同途径调节胰腺β细胞中的胞吐作用的假设，即颗粒氯离子通道ClC 3的磷酸化依赖性门控。来自其他实验室的数据显示，CaMKII被胰岛素促分泌素激活，胰岛素促分泌素促进Ca 2+穿过质膜流入以及通过从细胞内储存释放。此外，CaMKII的激活与来自灌流胰岛的胰岛素在时间上相关。所提出的研究将检查ClC-3在CaMKII依赖性调节胰岛素分泌中的作用：首先，我们将检查ClC-3敲除小鼠的表型并确定其是否表现出糖尿病表型。我们先前已经在从野生型小鼠分离的胰腺β细胞中显示，ClC-3的药理学抑制阻止胰岛素分泌。在本申请中提出的实验中，我们将确定从ClC 3敲除小鼠分离的β细胞中的胰岛素分泌是否有缺陷。第二，为了证实CaMK II的活性是增强胰岛素分泌所必需的，我们将检查颗粒酸化（颗粒融合和胰岛素释放的先决条件）是否是CaMK II依赖性的。最后，我们将确定CaMKII在胰腺β细胞中的亚细胞定位，并检查颗粒状ClC 3是否被CaMKII磷酸化，就像通道在质膜上表达的情况一样。控制颗粒酸化的通道的表达和调节的知识，分泌所需的启动步骤是确定β细胞功能不可或缺的。拟议的研究将表征参与β细胞分泌的调节步骤和相关蛋白质。公共卫生相关性：这项研究将解决如何在胰腺β细胞中调节氯离子通道活性以及氯离子通道活性的调节与胰岛素分泌之间是否存在联系的问题。更好地了解氯离子通道活性如何调节及其与胰岛素分泌不足的关系可能会导致开发新的治疗方法，改善2型糖尿病的病程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have previously shown that granular Cl-flux through the chloride channel ClC3 is required for beta cell granule priming and secretion. When ClC-3 is expressed in the plasma membrane its gating requires phosphorylation by the multifunctional calcium, calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Experiments in this application will investigate the hypothesis that CaMKII regulates exocytosis in pancreatic beta cells through the same pathway, namely the phosphorylation dependent gating of the granular chloride channel, ClC3. Data from other laboratories have shown activation of CaMKII by insulin secretagogues that promote Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane as well as via release from intracellular stores. Furthermore, activation of CaMKII is temporally correlated with insulin from perifused islets. The proposed studies will examine the role of ClC-3 in the CaMKII-dependent regulation of insulin secretion: First, we will examine the phenotype of the ClC-3 knockout mouse and determine whether it exhibits a diabetic phenotype. We have previously shown in pancreatic beta cells isolated from wild-type mice that pharmacological inhibition of ClC-3 prevents insulin secretion. In experiments proposed in this application we will determine whether insulin secretion in beta cells isolated from the ClC3 knockout mouse is defective. Second, in order to confirm that the activity of CaMKII is necessary for potentiation of insulin secretion, we will examine whether granule acidification, a prerequisite to granule fusion and insulin release, is CaMKII-dependent. And finally, we will determine the subcellular localization of CaMKII in pancreatic beta cells and examine whether granular ClC3 is phosphorylated by CaMKII as is the case when the channel is expressed at the plasma membrane. Knowledge of the expression and regulation of the channels that control granule acidification, the priming step necessary for secretion is integral to the determination of beta cell function. The proposed studies will characterize a regulatory step and associated proteins that are involved in beta cell secretion. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will address the question of how chloride channel activity is regulated in the pancreatic beta cell and whether there is a link between the regulation of chloride channel activity and insulin secretion. A better understanding of how chloride channel activity regulated and its relationship with insulin-secretion deficiency may lead to the development of new therapies that ameliorate the course of type 2 diabetes.