Cancer Related Health Disparities Education and Career Development Program

描述（由申请人提供）：美国与癌症相关的健康差异已得到充分记录。近年来，除美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著妇女外，整个人口和所有种族/族裔群体的癌症发病率（所有地点合并）都有所下降。然而，在过去十年中，黑人男子的发病率一直最高。同样，所有种族/民族的死亡率在同一时期都有所下降，但黑人男性和女性在所有癌症中的死亡率仍然最高，尽管黑人女性的癌症发病率在大多数癌症中并没有升高。社会经济地位低的人癌症发病率和死亡率也较高。 少数种族/族裔群体较少采取初级、二级和三级预防措施。与一般人群相比，许多少数种族/族裔的癌症行为风险因素（吸烟、二手烟暴露、缺乏体育活动、肥胖、过量饮酒）有所增加。一些种族/少数民族群体不太可能接受早期检测和治疗的筛查，诊断后癌症护理的健康差异在癌症部位和所有阶段都很常见。 减少癌症方面种族/民族和社会经济差异的一项战略是增加愿意在这一领域进行研究的少数民族和其他人的人数。这项R25 T提案的总体目标是教育那些准备在临床和人群环境中开发，测试和评估干预措施的研究人员，以减少弱势人群（此处广义定义为包括种族，民族，移民身份，年龄，收入，地理，性别，性取向等）中与癌症相关的不平等。我们还打算通过专门从代表性不足/弱势群体中招募人员来提高这一领域研究人员的多样性。 该计划是创新的，重点是干预，以减少癌症的差距;在以社区为基础的研究教育和经验的重点;并在提供指导，由社区成员谁可以提供文化指导和伙伴关系，在研究的各个方面。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer-related health disparities in the U.S. have been well documented. Cancer incidence (all sites combined) has declined in recent years for the population as a whole and for all racial/ethnic groups except American Indian/Alaska native women. However black men continued to show the highest incidence rates over time during the past decade. Similarly, death rates declined over the same time period for all racial/ethnic groups, but black men and women continued to show the highest mortality rates for all cancers combined, even though cancer incidence for black women is not elevated for most cancers. People of low socio-economic status also show elevated cancer incidence and cancer mortality. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures are experienced less frequently in racial/ethnic minority groups. Behavioral risk factors for cancer (smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, physical inactivity, obesity, excess alcohol use) are elevated in many racial/ethnic minorities compared to the general population. Some racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive screening for early stage detection and treatment, and health disparities in post-diagnosis cancer care are common across cancer sites and at all stages. One strategy for reducing racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in cancer is to increase the number of individuals, both minorities and others, who are prepared to conduct research in this area. The overall goal of this R25T proposal is to educate researchers who are prepared to develop, test and evaluate interventions in both clinical and population settings to reduce cancer-related inequities among disadvantaged populations (broadly defined here to include race, ethnicity, immigration status, age, income, geography, gender, sexual orientation, etc). We intend also to enhance the diversity of the research workforce in this area by specifically recruiting individuals from underrepresented/disadvantaged populations. This program is innovative in focusing on intervention to reduce cancer disparities; in focusing on education and experience in community-based research; and in providing mentoring by community members who can provide cultural mentoring and partnership in all aspects of research.