Cancer Related Health Disparities Education and Career Development Program

描述(由申请者提供)：在美国，与癌症相关的健康差异已经有了很好的记录。近年来，除美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著妇女外，整个人口和所有种族/族裔群体的癌症发病率(所有地点的总和)都有所下降。然而，在过去的十年里，黑人男性的发病率仍然是最高的。同样，所有种族/族裔群体的死亡率在同一时期都有所下降，但黑人男性和女性的死亡率仍然是所有癌症中死亡率最高的，尽管黑人女性的癌症发病率在大多数癌症中并不高。社会经济地位低的人癌症发病率和癌症死亡率也较高。 在种族/少数民族群体中，一级、二级和三级预防措施较少发生。与普通人群相比，许多种族/少数民族患癌症的行为风险因素(吸烟、二手烟暴露、缺乏运动、肥胖、过度饮酒)更高。一些种族/少数民族群体不太可能接受早期发现和治疗的筛查，诊断后癌症护理方面的健康差异在癌症地点和所有阶段都很常见。 减少癌症中种族/族裔和社会经济差异的一个战略是增加准备在这一领域进行研究的个人数量，无论是少数民族还是其他人。R25T提案的总体目标是教育准备在临床和人口环境中开发、测试和评估干预措施的研究人员，以减少弱势人群中与癌症相关的不平等现象(这里的广义定义包括种族、民族、移民状况、年龄、收入、地理位置、性别、性取向等)。我们还打算通过专门从任职人数不足/处境不利的人口中招聘个人，加强这一领域研究人员的多样性。 该方案具有创新性，侧重于减少癌症差异的干预措施；侧重于社区研究方面的教育和经验；以及由社区成员提供指导，他们可以在研究的所有方面提供文化指导和合作伙伴关系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer-related health disparities in the U.S. have been well documented. Cancer incidence (all sites combined) has declined in recent years for the population as a whole and for all racial/ethnic groups except American Indian/Alaska native women. However black men continued to show the highest incidence rates over time during the past decade. Similarly, death rates declined over the same time period for all racial/ethnic groups, but black men and women continued to show the highest mortality rates for all cancers combined, even though cancer incidence for black women is not elevated for most cancers. People of low socio-economic status also show elevated cancer incidence and cancer mortality. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures are experienced less frequently in racial/ethnic minority groups. Behavioral risk factors for cancer (smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, physical inactivity, obesity, excess alcohol use) are elevated in many racial/ethnic minorities compared to the general population. Some racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive screening for early stage detection and treatment, and health disparities in post-diagnosis cancer care are common across cancer sites and at all stages. One strategy for reducing racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in cancer is to increase the number of individuals, both minorities and others, who are prepared to conduct research in this area. The overall goal of this R25T proposal is to educate researchers who are prepared to develop, test and evaluate interventions in both clinical and population settings to reduce cancer-related inequities among disadvantaged populations (broadly defined here to include race, ethnicity, immigration status, age, income, geography, gender, sexual orientation, etc). We intend also to enhance the diversity of the research workforce in this area by specifically recruiting individuals from underrepresented/disadvantaged populations. This program is innovative in focusing on intervention to reduce cancer disparities; in focusing on education and experience in community-based research; and in providing mentoring by community members who can provide cultural mentoring and partnership in all aspects of research.