Cancer Related Health Disparities Education and Career Development Program

描述（由申请人提供）：美国癌症相关的健康差异已被充分记录。近年来，除美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著妇女外，整体人口和所有种族/族裔群体的癌症发病率（所有地点加起来）都有所下降。然而，在过去十年中，黑人男性的发病率仍然最高。同样，所有种族/族裔群体的死亡率在同一时期都有所下降，但黑人男子和妇女的所有癌症死亡率仍然最高，尽管黑人妇女的癌症发病率在大多数癌症中没有上升。社会经济地位低的人也显示出较高的癌症发病率和癌症死亡率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer-related health disparities in the U.S. have been well documented. Cancer incidence (all sites combined) has declined in recent years for the population as a whole and for all racial/ethnic groups except American Indian/Alaska native women. However black men continued to show the highest incidence rates over time during the past decade. Similarly, death rates declined over the same time period for all racial/ethnic groups, but black men and women continued to show the highest mortality rates for all cancers combined, even though cancer incidence for black women is not elevated for most cancers. People of low socio-economic status also show elevated cancer incidence and cancer mortality. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures are experienced less frequently in racial/ethnic minority groups. Behavioral risk factors for cancer (smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, physical inactivity, obesity, excess alcohol use) are elevated in many racial/ethnic minorities compared to the general population. Some racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive screening for early stage detection and treatment, and health disparities in post-diagnosis cancer care are common across cancer sites and at all stages. One strategy for reducing racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in cancer is to increase the number of individuals, both minorities and others, who are prepared to conduct research in this area. The overall goal of this R25T proposal is to educate researchers who are prepared to develop, test and evaluate interventions in both clinical and population settings to reduce cancer-related inequities among disadvantaged populations (broadly defined here to include race, ethnicity, immigration status, age, income, geography, gender, sexual orientation, etc). We intend also to enhance the diversity of the research workforce in this area by specifically recruiting individuals from underrepresented/disadvantaged populations. This program is innovative in focusing on intervention to reduce cancer disparities; in focusing on education and experience in community-based research; and in providing mentoring by community members who can provide cultural mentoring and partnership in all aspects of research.